Southern Colonies

Climate & Geography (16) Hot, humid summers for long growing season - Grew sugar, tobacco, rice, and cotton These crops were found in Tidewater Region - Low, swampy areas of the southern colonies (23)

Tidewater Region (23) Crops here were grown on large areas of farmland, called plantations (29) - plantations would soon dominate south economy (most people in South did not own plantations, but plantation owner for powerful because of $ ) - owners of plantations bought slaves because these crops required a lot of labor - As slavery spread to other areas in the South

Check for Understanding 8. The colonists in the South’s Tidewater region grew crops, such as rice, cotton, and sugar. How did the farming of these crops lead to slavery?

Check for Understanding 8. The colonists in the South’s Tidewater region grew crops, such as rice, cotton, and sugar. How did the farming of these crops lead to slavery? ANS: Tidewater crops required LARGE AREAS OF LAND and a LARGE AMOUNT OF LABOR.

Mo’ Money, Mo’ Problems

With the plantations, came trouble. Plantation owners need land and labor. Virginians, wanting to grow tobacco, took Native American lands, which led to some violence and warfare An even bigger problem dealt with trying to find a labor source - Enslavement of Africans - Bacon’s Rebellion

Bacon’s Rebellion (19) In 1660s, wealthy Virginian tobacco farmers bought most of the good farm land near the coast - Left no land for poor farmers, who wanted own land - Without land, these farmers could not vote So, many move inland

Bacon’s Rebellion (19) These poor farmers inland had to face Native Americans - Frontier farmers demanded the government take action to help against the natives - Wanting to avoid an all-out war, the governor did nothing Nathaniel Bacon organized an attack himself - The governor called them rebels, so Bacon attacked and burned down Jamestown

“These overseers are indeed for the most part persons of the worst character…They pay no regard to…the lodging of the field negroes. Their huts, which ought to be well covered, and the place dry where they take their little repose, are often open sheds, built in damp places; so that when the poor creatures return tired from the toils of the field, they contract many disorders.” - Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudeh Equiano Treatment of Slaves

Lord Baltimore

King granted charter for Maryland to George Calvert, an English Catholic - Catholics faced discrimination in England - Calvert aimed to set up a colony where Catholics could live and worship safely - First colonists were both Catholic and Protestant When George died, his son, Cecil (2nd Lord Baltimore) became proprietor

Lord Baltimore Tensions grew between Protestants and Catholics - L.B. feared Catholics might lose rights, passed the Act of Toleration (1649)

Act of Toleration (20)

Page 613 Maryland Act of Toleration

Act of Toleration (20) Welcomed all Christians to Maryland Gave all adult, male Christians voting rights The Act DID NOT protect people who were not Christian

Carolinas (21) Originally part of Virginia Developed differently (influenced by geography) North : Grew slowly - No good harbors or rivers for easy ship travel - Most colonists lived on smaller farms (tobacco & lumber) South : Grew quickly - Swampy lowlands (Tidewater) - Grew sugar and rice - Imported slave labor

Georgia (22) Last of England’s 13 colonies Founded for two reasons: 1. English feared the Spanish in Florida would move/expand northward - An English colony south would keep the Spanish “trapped” in Florida

Georgia (22) 2. Wealthy Englishmen, like James Oglethorpe, wanted a colony to protect debtors (people who owe money) - Debtors could be put in prison by English law Founders wanted Georgia to be a colony of small farms, not plantations - Originally, slavery was banned - This decision was unpopular, and, eventually, Georgia had slaves

Backcountry Cut off from coast - Poor roads, long distances Families lived on small, isolated farmers, not plantations - One-room houses - Few people owned slaves - Women and girls worked in fields with men and boys Life was different that on the coast

Backcountry Backcountry people believed colonial governments (on the coast) DID NOT care about them - Only interested in protecting wealth of Tidewater plantation owners

Check for Understanding 9. The colonists in the South’s Tidewater region grew crops, such as rice, cotton, and sugar. How did the farming of these crops lead to slavery? 10. What was the main cause of Bacon’s Rebellion? 11. Describe the differences in how the Carolinas developed. 12. What were the two reasons that Georgia was founded? 13. How was the life on the South backcountry different from life on the coast?