Contrasting Cases1 The Cell FOSS: Diversity of Life Investigation 4

Contrasting Cases2 What are cells? Please copy the web on the next page into your notebook. On each branch of the web, list one idea you can think of about cells. It is okay to leave some blank, or list something you might not be sure about. We will come back and complete this web at the end of the lesson.

Contrasting Cases3 Cells

Introduction to cells Cells are the basic units of life. Although living things may all look very different from one another, all living things are made up of one or more cells. Here are some examples. Contrasting Cases4

Living things What do all of these have in common? Contrasting Cases 5

Cells: the building blocks of life All of the living things on the previous slides are made of one or more cells. A single cell is too small to see with just your eyes. Photographs of cells can be taken through a microscope, which make the cells look thousands of times larger than they really are. Contrasting Cases6

Prokaryotes Contrasting Cases7 Ferroplasma, Halobacteria, E. coli, and L. acidophilus are examples of organisms called prokaryotes. Write some characteristics of these organisms in your notebook. What do they have in common? What differences do they have? Review your cards from previous lessons if you need some hints.

Prokaryotes (cont’d) Contrasting Cases8 Which domains and kingdoms are these organisms classified under? Are they made up of one cell or more than one cell? What is unique about these cells compared to cells that make up other organisms you have learned about?

Prokaryotic cells Contrasting Cases9 Prokaryotic cells are simple, and can live alone as single-celled organisms. Prokaryotic cells are also unique because they do not have organized, membrane- bound internal structures such as a nucleus or other organelles.

Eukaryotes Contrasting Cases 10 The organisms you see pictured on this slide are examples of eukaryotes. Write some characteristics of these organisms in your notebook. What do they have in common? What differences do they have?

Eukaryotes (cont’d) Contrasting Cases 11 Which domains and kingdoms are these organisms classified under? Are they made up of one cell or more than one cell? What is unique about these organisms compared to others on this page? What are some similarities and differences they have with prokaryotes?

Eukaryotic cells (cont’d) Contrasting Cases12 Some eukaryotic cells can exist on their own as single-celled organisms, like the euglena (top left). Other eukaryotic cells are just one of many cells that make up an organism, and cannot survive on their own. Eukaryotic cells also have a nucleus (indicated with an arrow) and membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes What do these two types of organisms have in common? What differences do they have? Use the Venn diagram to write down the characteristics that are unique to each category, and the characteristics that they have in common. Contrasting Cases13

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes common to all living things? Contrasting Cases 14 No nucleusnucleus No organellesorganellesMade of cell(s) Domain Archaea Domain Bacteria Domain Animalia Domain Plantae Domain Fungi Domain Protista Can be single- celled Can be multi- cellular All single-celled organisms E. coli Ferroplasma Halobacteria L. acidophilus