Chapter 3 Biochemistry Pg. 50

Section 1: Carbon Compounds Organic Compounds Contain carbon Come from living things How can you tell whether a compound is organic or not? By the presence of the element, carbon. H 2 SO 4 ? C 6 H 12 O 6 ?

A carbon atom has 4 electrons in its outermost energy level… What does this mean? Unlike other elements; however, Carbon will also bond with other carbon atoms It means that carbon will form four covalent bonds with atoms of other elements. A carbon atom A molecule of ethane

Carbon atoms bond together in various arrangements… Straight chains Branched chains Rings

Each line in a structural model represents a single bond where 1 pair of electrons is shared How many pairs of electrons are shared in a double bond? Where is the double bond ?

Functional Groups A cluster of atoms that influence the molecules they compose There are 4 functional groups: 1. hydroxyl 2. carboxyl 3. amino 4. phosphate

1. Hydroxyl ( -OH) * can make the molecule it is attached to polar Polar molecules are soluble in water An alcohol is an example of an organic compound that has a hydroxyl group An alcohol called ethanol

Is alcohol soluble in water? (Does it dissolve in water?) Yes! Because it is a polar compound like water. “LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE”

2. Carboxyl Carboxylic acid

3. Amino The amino group is found in all amino acids which make up proteins

4. Phosphate Ex. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) There are 3 phosphate groups in ATP. ATP is a molecule that stores energy AND supplies that energy directly to cells

Energy is released from ATP when the bonds between phosphate groups are broken.

For Review: What is the name of each functional group? A. B. C. Hydroxyl Carboxyl Amino