Natural Disasters 1

2 Reading is NOT a spectator sport!

3 Reading requires active participation!

4 PREDICT Try to figure out what information will come next and how the selection might end.

5 Natural hazards such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and droughts spring to mind when the word “disaster” is mentioned. But a disaster should be defined on the basis of its human consequences, not on the phenomenon that caused it. An earthquake, for example, is simply an event in nature. Even a very strong one is not a disaster unless it causes injury or destroys property. Thus an earthquake occurring in an uninhabited area (as do scores of major tremors each month) is only of scientific interest and is not considered a disaster.

6 PREDICT: What do you think the rest of the text will be about?

7 VISUALIZE Describe the images you see as the author describes them. Use the details from the text to create a visual image.

8 When a natural event does affect a human settlement, the result may still not be a major disaster. Consider the earthquake that struck San Fernando, California, in The quake registered 6.4 on the Richter scale, yet the region around San Fernando Valley (with a population of over seven million people) suffered only minor damage and 58 deaths. Two years later, though, an earthquake of a magnitude of 6.2 struck Managua, Nicaragua, and reduced the center of the city to rubble, killing an estimated 6,000 people.

VISUALIZE: Draw what you think the center of Managua looked like. 9 When a natural event does affect a human settlement, the result may still not be a major disaster. Consider the earthquake that struck San Fernando, California, in The quake registered 6.4 on the Richter scale, yet the region around San Fernando Valley (with a population of over seven million people) suffered only minor damage and 58 deaths. Two years later, though, an earthquake of a magnitude of 6.2 struck Managua, Nicaragua, and reduced the center of the city to rubble, killing an estimated 6,000 people.

10 CLARIFY Summarize/explain what you have read.

11 A disaster can be more precisely defined as an occurrence of widespread severe damage, injury, or loss of life or property with which a community cannot cope and during which the society undergoes severe disruption.

12 A disaster can be more precisely defined as an occurrence of widespread severe damage, injury, or loss of life or property with which a community cannot cope and during which the society undergoes severe disruption. CLARIFY: In your own, words explain what a disaster is.

13 CONNECT Connect personally with what you are reading. Think of similarities between the descriptions in the selection and what you have personally experienced, seen, heard or previously read.

14 While some developed nations may be as prone to disasters as poor nations, the people of wealthier nations are not as vulnerable to disasters; they do not die in as large numbers nor does their environment collapse as easily. Both Tokyo, Japan, and Managua, Nicaragua, are prone to earthquakes. But the people of Tokyo are far less vulnerable to injury by earthquake because Tokyo has strictly enforced building codes, zoning regulations and earthquake training and communications systems. In Managua, there are still many people living in top-heavy mud houses on hillsides. They are vulnerable.

CONNECT: What natural disaster is our community most vulnerable to? Why? 15 While some developed nations may be as prone to disasters as poor nations, the people of wealthier nations are not as vulnerable to disasters; they do not die in as large numbers nor does their environment collapse as easily. Both Tokyo, Japan, and Managua, Nicaragua, are prone to earthquakes. But the people of Tokyo are far less vulnerable to injury by earthquake because Tokyo has strictly enforced building codes, zoning regulations and earthquake training and communications systems. In Managua, there are still many people living in top-heavy mud houses on hillsides. They are vulnerable.

16 EVALUTATE Form opinions about what you’ve read.

17 Landslides or flooding disasters are closely linked to rapid and unchecked urbanization that forces low-income families to settle on the slopes of steep hillsides or ravines, or along the banks of flood-prone rivers. In other disasters, such as cyclones and tsunamis, humans can increase their vulnerability by removing bits of their natural environment that may act as buffers to these extreme natural forces. Such acts include destroying reefs, cutting natural wind breaks and clearing inland forests.

18 Landslides or flooding disasters are closely linked to rapid and unchecked urbanization that forces low-income families to settle on the slopes of steep hillsides or ravines, or along the banks of flood-prone rivers. In other disasters, such as cyclones and tsunamis, humans can increase their vulnerability by removing bits of their natural environment that may act as buffers to these extreme natural forces. Such acts include destroying reefs, cutting natural wind breaks and clearing inland forests. EVALUATE: In your opinion do humans cause some natural disasters to occur?

19 QUESTION Ask questions about the text.

20 In conclusion, natural hazards are agents or trigger mechanisms that can come into contact with a vulnerable human condition to result in a disaster.

21 In conclusion, natural hazards are agents or trigger mechanisms that can come into contact with a vulnerable human condition to result in a disaster. QUESTION: What question do you have based on the text?

22 Effects of Natural Disasters

23 Health Effects

24 Health Effects Injuries Spread of disease due to reduced standards of sanitation Malnutrition due to food shortages Lack of hospital space and medical supplies

25 Social Effects

26 Social Effects Loss of family members Disruption of transportation networks Disruption of communication networks Disruption of education

27 Economic Effects

28 Economic Effects Disruption of the economy Loss of jobs due to damage of buildings, etc. Physical damage to businesses and industry Loss of businesses Disruptions in trade

29 Political Effects

30 Political Effects Loss of leaders due to death or injury Disruption of the government and its services Damage to government buildings

31 Environmental Effects

32 Environmental Effects Destruction and damage to houses and buildings Destruction and damage of natural features of the environment Decreased quantity and quality of water supplies Destruction of crops

33 Social Scientists Geographer Historian AnthropologistSociologist Economist Political Scientist

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35 What makes a natural disaster a global problem?

36 Do you think the earthquake and resulting tsunami in Japan was a global problem? Why or why not?

37 For what natural disasters do you think Iceland may be at risk?

38 For what natural disasters do you think Iceland may be at risk?

39 In 2010 one of Iceland’s largest volcanoes erupted. It sent clouds of ash into the air.

40 Do you think the Iceland natural disaster was a global problem? Why or why not?

41 Airports closed as volcanic ash drifts toward UK Plume of ash from erupting Iceland volcano grounds flights across Europe, affecting tens of thousands of passengers. By the afternoon of April 16, most of Europe's major airports - crucial hubs for international travelers - were closed. Thousands of flights were canceled, stranding or delaying millions of passengers across airports from North America to Asia. It was the worst peacetime air travel disruption in history, a nearly weeklong halt in flights that cost airlines hundreds of millions of dollars and raised questions about Europe's ability to respond coherently to a crisis.

42 Have you changed your opinion about the Iceland natural disaster? Why or why not?

43 Natural Disasters How are they different from natural hazards? What are their effects? When are they global problems?