PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Leslie Hendon, University of Alabama, Birmingham HUMAN ANATOMY fifth edition MARIEB | MALLATT | WILHELM 8 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones, Part 1: The Appendicular Skeleton PART 2

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hand  Includes the following bones  Carpus – wrist  Metacarpals – palm  Phalanges – fingers

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carpus  Forms the true wrist – the proximal region of the hand  Gliding movements occur between carpals  Composed of eight marble-sized bones

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carpus  Carpal bones  Are arranged in two irregular rows  Proximal row from lateral to medial  Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform  Distal row from lateral to medial  Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate  A mnemonic to help remember carpals  Sally left the party to take Carmen home

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Hand Figure 8.7a, b

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metacarpus  Five metacarpals radiate distally from the wrist  Metacarpals form the palm  Numbered 1–5, beginning with the pollex (thumb)  Articulate proximally with the distal row of carpals  Articulate distally with the proximal phalanges

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Phalanges  Numbered 1–5, beginning with the pollex (thumb)  Except for the thumb, each finger has three phalanges  Proximal, middle, and distal

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Table 8.1 (1 of 2)

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pelvic Girdle  Attaches lower limbs to the spine  Supports visceral organs  Attaches to the axial skeleton by strong ligaments  Acetabulum is a deep cup that holds the head of the femur  Lower limbs have less freedom of movement  Are more stable than the arm

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pelvic Girdle  Consists of paired hip bones (coxal bones)  Hip bones unite anteriorly with each other  Articulates posteriorly with the sacrum PLAY Hip

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bony Pelvis  A deep, basin-like structure  Formed by  Coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bony Pelvis Figure 8.8a PLAY Pelvis

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Coxal Bones  Consist of three separate bones in childhood  Ilium, ischium, and pubis  Bones fuse – retain separate names to regions of the coxal bones  Acetabulum  A deep hemispherical socket on lateral pelvic surface

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ilium  Large, flaring bone  Forms the superior region of the coxal bone  Site of attachment for many muscles  Articulation with the sacrum forms sacroiliac joint

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ischium  Forms posteroinferior region of the coxal bone  Anteriorly – joins the pubis  Ischial tuberosities  Are the strongest part of the hip bone

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pubis  Forms the anterior region of the coxal bone  Lies horizontally in anatomical position  Pubic symphysis  The two pubic bones are joined by fibrocartilage at the midline

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lateral and Medial Views of the Hip Bone Figure 8.8b, c

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings True and False Pelves  Bony pelvis is divided into two regions  False (greater) pelvis – bounded by alae of the iliac bones  True (lesser) pelvis – inferior to pelvic brim  Forms a bowl containing the pelvic organs

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings True and False Pelves Figure 8.9b