Education 101: Final Exam

Facts… Wednesday, February 3rd One hour period 40 multiple choice 2 short answer Open book test!

Teaching: Your Chosen Profession Chapter 1 Teaching: Your Chosen Profession Developed by: Don Finn Regent University

Focus Questions Why do I want to teach? What are the benefits of teaching? What are the challenges of teaching? What will society expect of me as a teacher? What is the job outlook for teachers? How will I become a highly qualified teacher?

Why Do I Want to Teach? Primary reasons to Teach Desire to work with children and young people

Why Do I Want to Teach? Passion for teaching Influence Teachers often teach because of the following Passion of Subject Passion for the Teaching Life Passion for the Teaching-Learning Process Influence Positive relationships with previous teachers may have influenced the desire to teach.

Why Do I Want to Teach? Desire to serve Teaching is chosen out of a desire to serve others Wanting life’s work to have meaning Influenced by experience volunteering in educational settings Desire to give something back to society

What are the benefits of teaching? Practical benefits of teaching Hours and vacations Flexibility “Mini vacations” year round Salaries are increasing Fringe benefits

What are the benefits teaching? Salaries have been on the increase 1999-2000 the national average was $41,807 2013-2014 the national average was $56,689 Fringe benefits Medical insurance Retirement

What are the Challenges of Teaching? Long working hours High Stakes Testing Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) 2002: NCLB 2011: A Blueprint for Reform Race to the Top Tech-Savvy Students

What Will Society Expect of Me as a Teacher? To be Trustworthy To Be Competent & Effective Help all learners succeed Need to stay informed of exemplary practices To be Accountable Create a safe effective learning environment Equalize educational opportunity

What is the Job Outlook for Teachers? Teaching and the Economic Recession The 2008 financial crisis led to school district cuts The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Demand Teachers of Color; with Disabilities; by Region & Specialty The number of minority & disability student populations is increasing, teachers who can specialize or are willing to move will find favorable positions

How Will I Become a Highly Qualified Teacher? Highly Qualified Teachers (HQTs) Have a bachelor’s degree Full state certification Knowledge of subject taught

How Will I Become a Highly Qualified Teacher? Professional Standards Sets of standards from professional associations that evaluate progress toward becoming an effective teacher Certification and Licensure Teaching certificate – a license to teach

How Will I Become a Highly Qualified Teacher? Praxis Series “Putting theory into practice” The evaluation process of becoming a teacher Praxis I. Pre-Professional Skills Tests Praxis II. Subject Assessments Praxis III. Classroom Performance Assessment State Licensure Certification Requirements Alternative Certification

Chapter 2 Today’s Teachers Developed by: Don Finn Regent University

Focus Questions Who are today’s teachers? What do teachers do in the classroom? What knowledge do today’s teachers need? To what extent is teaching a full profession? To what professional organizations do teachers belong? How do teachers participate in their learning communities? How do teachers participate in teacher collaboration?

Who are today’s teachers? Teaching is the largest profession in the US 3.5 million teachers in U.S., not including special ed. teachers Majority of teachers are Caucasian & female Pre – K Teachers (Early Childhood) Teach Birth – age 8. Elementary Teachers Teach 1st Grade – 6th. May team teach or teach multi-age classes

Who are today’s teachers? Middle School Teachers Teach 6th – 9th specialized subjects High School Teachers Teach 9th–12th t teach in specialized content areas 4 – 5 courses w/in single content area

Non-traditional School Teachers Private School Teachers Charter School Teachers Alternative School Teachers Magnet School Teachers Specialized Teachers

Teachers in Specialized Areas Art Teachers Music Teachers Vocational Teachers Physical Education Teachers Special Education Teachers English Language Learners Teachers

What do teachers do in the classroom? assign tasks, assess, praise, encourage and lecture Serve as Role Model Serve as Problem Solver Serve as Reflective Thinker

What Knowledge and Skills Do Today’s Teachers Need? Knowledge of Self Knowledge of Students Knowledge of Subject Knowledge of How to Use Educational Theory and Research

What Knowledge and Skills Do Today’s Teachers Need? Knowledge of How to Integrate Technology Into Teaching Reflection and Problem Solving - Knowledge of just one of the previous categories is not enough for teaching Reflection and Problem Solving will guide you in how to use your knowledge

To What Extent Is Teaching a Full Profession? Characteristics of the Profession Institutional Monopoly of Services Teacher Autonomy Years of Education and Training Providing an Essential Service Degree of Self Governance

To What Extent Is Teaching a Full Profession? Characteristics of the Profession Professional Associations Professional Knowledge and Skills Public Trust Prestige, Benefits, and Pay

To What Professional Associations Do Teachers Belong? National Education Association (NEA) American Federation of Teachers (AFT) National Education Association Federation of Teachers (NEAFT) Partnership Other Professional Organizations Phi Delta Kappa ASCD (formerly the Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development) Specific Subject Areas

How Are Teacher Leaders Transforming the Profession? Critical Components for Transforming Teaching A Culture of Shared Responsibility and Leadership Top Talent, Prepared for Success Continuous Growth and Professional Development Effective Teachers and Principals

How Are Teacher Leaders Transforming the Profession? Critical Components for Transforming Teaching A Professional Career Continuum with Competitive Compensation Conditions for Successful Teaching and Learning Engaged Communities

Chapter 3 Today’s Schools Developed by: Don Finn Regent University

Focus Questions What is the role of schools in today’s society? How can schools be described? What are schools like as social institutions? What are the characteristics of successful schools? What social problems affect schools and place students at risk? How are school addressing societal problems? How can community-based partnerships help students learn?

What Is the Role of Schools in Today’s Society? School’s primary purpose to provide student’s with academics and skills needed beyond school. This is the most universally agreed upon goal of schools Secondary Education Act Prosocial Values Socialization of Young Social Change

How Can Schools Be Described? Metaphors for Schools Schools as factories School-as-family Social Class Schools reproduce the existing society by the curriculum presented Anyon’s 4 Types of School Working Class School Middle Class School Affluent Professional School Executive Elite School

What Are Schools Like as Social Institutions? The School as a Reflection of Society Rural Urban Suburban The Culture of the School network of beliefs, values and traditions and ways of thinking and behaving.

What Are Schools Like as Social Institutions? Three Dimensions of Schools Affect School Culture Physical Environment Formal Practices Self Contained Open Space Departmentalization School Traditions

What Are the Characteristics of Successful Schools? Measures of Success Students achieve and complete graduation requirements. Results surpass those of comparable schools A history of improvement

What Are the Characteristics of Successful Schools? Research on School Effectiveness Strong Leadership High Expectations Emphasis on Basic Skills Orderly Environment Frequent Evaluation Sense of Purpose Collegiality and Sense of Community

Social Problems Affecting Schools and Placing Students At Risk Risk Factors: Poverty Family Stress Substance Abuse Violence and Crime Bullying Cyberbullying Teen Pregnancy Suicide

How Are Schools Addressing Societal Problems? Peer Counseling/Mediation Full-Service Community Schools School-Based Case Management Compensatory Education Alternative Schools and Curricula Out of School Time (OST) Activities Alternative Curricula Expanded Learning Time (ELT) Schools

How Can Community-Based Partnerships Help Students Learn? Community Resources Civic Organizations Volunteer Mentor Programs Corporate-Education Partnership 21st Century Community Learning Centers (CCLCs) Schools as Resources for Communities Beyond the School Day Social Services

Philosophical Foundations of U.S. Schools Chapter 4 Philosophical Foundations of U.S. Schools Developed by: Don Finn Regent University

Focus Questions Why is philosophy important to teachers? What is the nature of philosophy? What determines your educational philosophy? What are the six branches of philosophy? What are five modern philosophical orientations to teaching? What psychological orientations have influenced teaching philosophies? How can you develop your educational philosophy

Why is Philosophy Important to Teachers? Understanding of philosophy will enhance professionalism Use as a guide for Professional Action Focuses efforts

What is the Nature of Philosophy? identifying the basic truths about being, knowledge, and conduct From the Greek meaning “Love of Wisdom”

What Determines Your Educational Philosophy? Beliefs about Teaching and Learning Transmission of Knowledge Construction of Knowledge Beliefs about Students Beliefs about Knowledge Beliefs about What is Worth Knowing

What Are the Branches of Philosophy? Metaphysics explaining the nature of reality Epistemology explaining knowledge Knowing based on: Authority Divine Revelation Empiricism Reason and Logic Intuition

What Are the Branches of Philosophy? Axiology Explaining values Ethics Explaining morals Aesthetics Explaining values or art and beauty Logic Explaining reasoning Deductive Inductive Socratic questioning

The Five Modern Philosophical Orientations to Teaching Perennialism Knowledge of unchanging principles or great ideas Essentialism Knowledge of core subjects Progressivism Knowledge from student’s interest

The Five Modern Philosophical Orientations to Teaching Existentialism Knowledge of what is important to the student Postmodern--Knowledge that challenges historically constructed views of reality Social Reconstructionism Knowledge about changing the social order Critical Pedagogy Feminist Pedagogy

Psychological Orientations Influencing Teaching Philosophies Humanism Personal freedom and responsibility determine learning Behaviorism Environment determines learning Constructivism Cognitive processes to construct learning Cognitive Science – study of mental processes used in thinking and remembering

How Can You Develop Your Educational Philosophy? Most Teachers Develop an Eclectic Philosophy A unique blend of 2 or more philosophies Professional teachers continually strive for a clearer, more comprehensive answer to basic philosophical questions.