Plants What Is a Plant? Types, Structures, Functions and Adaptations Unit Overview – pages 556 - 557

Section 21.1 Summary – pages 559 - 563 Plants A plant is: multicellular eukaryotic Most produce their own food Have thick cell walls of cellulose Section 21.1 Summary – pages 559 - 563

Plant Types Plants Non Vascular Vascular Vascular seeded Vascular non-seeded Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Plant Types Non Vascular only have cell walls to provide support, so they are small, low plants. lacks roots, true leaves, and stems **

Plant Types: nonvascular produce spores Live and depend on moist environments Reproduction and Survival mosses, liverworts and hornworts.

Plant Types Vascular – “veins” Two Major Groups: Seedless Vascular Plants Vascular Seed Plants Vascular tissues transports food/water Xylem - transports water and minerals Phloem - transports food/nutrients

Plant Types: vascular Seedless Have a vascular system reproduce only by SPORES Leaves are called fronds

Plant Types: vascular Seeded have vascular tissue, use seed to reproduce and have leaves, stems and roots. Seeds allow for greater reproductive success Embryo Food Supply Seed Coat

Plant Types: vascular/seeded Gymnosperms - “naked seed” - seeds NOT protected by fruit Conifers - Cone-bearing plants - Cones are either male or female - Largest and most diverse group of gymnosperms Most are evergreen

Plant Types: vascular/seeded Angiosperms Flowering plants produce seeds enclosed within a fruit. - Produce fruits with 1 or more seeds - Fruit aid in seed dispersal

Plant Types Angiosperms 2 types: determined by the number of cotyledons Monocot—one seed leaf Ex. Corn, grass Dicot—two seed leaves Ex: Trees, shrubs, sunflowers, most flowers

1 seed leaf 2 seed leaves

Plant Types Monocot: Petals in multiples of 3 Parallel network of veins vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem. Ex: grasses, orchids, lilies, and palms.

Plant Types vascular bundles that form a ring Dicots Network of veins Petals of multiples of 4 or 5 Most shrubs and trees (except conifers), cacti, wildflowers, garden flowers, vegetables, and herbs. vascular bundles that form a ring

Plant Structures and Adaptation Roots Stems Leaves Cuticles Seeds / Reproduction

Plant Structures and Adaptations Roots - structures that allow plants to obtain water/nutrients from soil Tap - prop Fibrous - aerial

Plant Structures and Adaptations Stems - provides support for growth and food storage. Xylem and phloem

Plant Structures and Adaptations Protection and Reproduction Cuticles - waxy coating on the outside of plant that prevents water loss Seeds/spores -keep reproductive cells from drying out

Plant Structures and Adaptations Tissue Stomata: controls the exchange of gases, and water loss Guard cells: control the opening and closing of stomata.

Plant Structures and Adaptations Leaves - structural adaptations for functions release irritants Cactus spines are modified leaves that help reduce water loss and provide protection

Plant Structures and Adaptations Carnivorous plants - have leaves with adaptations that can trap insects or other small animals. grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients Pitcher plant, Venus fly trap

Plant Structures and Adaptations Course flower – in full bloom gives off an odor of rotting flesh. Attracts pollinators; flies and beetles.

Plants Flowers "What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet." Romeo and Juliet (II, ii, 1-2)

Plants Angiosperms Flowering; seeds enclosed in a fruit contains the reproductive structures that the fruit develops from. Flowers are reproductive structures for angiosperms