Rise of African Civilizations Medieval Africa Section One: Rise of African Civilizations http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078688736/student_view0/unit4/chapter13/interactive_map.html#

Create Foldable Page 441 Front: Rise of African Civilizations Africa’s Government and Religion African Society and Culture

Africa’s Geography How can geography discourage people from exploring another place? Goals: Determine how geography and human interactions create culture and define regions. Assess how the physical environment affects life in different regions.

Africa’s Geography: Key Facts Vast and Diverse Continent: Second largest continent Rain forest on either side of Equator Savannas make up most of Africa (grasslands) North and South are deserts Mediterranean Sea provides farming and mild climate ****** GET A PICTURE SHOWING THIS ASPECT

Africa’s Geography: African Plateau All of Africa rests on a plateau an area of high flat land Movement of the earth’s crust caused a crack of Africa and part of the surface dropped This lead to the Great Rift Valley Nile and Niger Rivers provide great soil and communication abilities

The Rise of African Civilizations: Western African Empires Jigsaw? Rise of Ghana A crossroads of trade Traders to pass through had to pay a tax making Ghana rich Ghana made iron weapons to conquer Ghana built a huge army People would pay to trade salt/gold West Africans needed salt for food West Africans needed salt for their bodies Rise of Mali Rise of Songhai

The Rise of African Civilizations: Western African Empires Jigsaw? Rise of Ghana A crossroads of trade Traders to pass through had to pay a tax making Ghana rich Ghana made iron weapons to conquer Ghana built a huge army People would pay to trade salt/gold West Africans needed salt for food West Africans needed salt for their bodies Rise of Mali Downfall of Ghana Discovery of new gold mines outside their control reduced taxes Heavy farming robbed the soil of minerals Constant fighting Conquering Ghana Griots- storytellers Credit to Sundiata Keita- “Lion Prince” Seized the capital of Ghana Won control of the lands fro Atlantic coast to Timbuktu Mali control Control of gold-mining Rebuild the gold and salt trade Rise of Songhai

The Rise of African Civilizations: Western African Empires Jigsaw? Rise of Ghana A crossroads of trade Traders to pass through had to pay a tax making Ghana rich Ghana made iron weapons to conquer Ghana built a huge army People would pay to trade salt/gold West Africans needed salt for food West Africans needed salt for their bodies Rise of Mali Downfall of Ghana Discovery of new gold mines outside their control reduced taxes Heavy farming robbed the soil of minerals Constant fighting Conquering Ghana Griots- storytellers Credit to Sundiata Keita- “Lion Prince” Seized the capital of Ghana Won control of the lands fro Atlantic coast to Timbuktu Mali control Control of gold-mining Rebuild the gold and salt trade Rise of Songhai Downfall of Mali Following the death of Mansa Musa (last strong leader) Conquerors weren’t stopped by Mali leaders Seizing Power with Sunni Ali Stormed into Timbuktu and drove out Berbers Began a campaign of conquest using location Built the largest empire in West Africa Downfall of Songhai Lasted more than 100 years flowing Sunni Ali’s death Army from Morococo with new technologies destroyed the empire

Africa’s rain forest blocked invaders and provided reinforcements Rise of African Empires: Kingdoms of the Rain Forest Try at your table: Africa’s rain forest blocked invaders and provided reinforcements Advantages Artisans Border kingdoms

Rise of African Empires: Kingdoms of the Rain Forest Africa’s rain forest blocked invaders and provided reinforcements Advantages Rain forest kept out invaders Farmers enjoyed many natural advantages Soil Warm, wet climate Some surplus provided Artisans Food surpluses supported the arts Weavers, sculpting, carving Border kingdoms Traded copper, salt and leather goods for food

Rises of African Empires: East Africa Rise of Axum City –state of the empire Abyssinia Strength came from the Red Sea Lots of goods from the sea Allows for great trade Fighting for trade routes Fought Kush for trade routes inland King Ezana defeated the Kush armies New Religion Ezana brought Christianity to the area Islam followed 100 years later Coastal City-States Great Zimbabwe

Rises of African Empires: East Africa Rise of Axum City –state of the empire Abyssinia Strength came from the Red Sea Lots of goods from the sea Allows for great trade Fighting for trade routes Fought Kush for trade routes inland King Ezana defeated the Kush armies New Religion Ezana brought Christianity to the area Islam followed 100 years later Coastal City-States Arab dhows (sails powered sailboats) allowed them to travel to Africa Arab Muslims settle in East African city-states Sharing of goods and ideas Trading ports rise up along the East coast Major connection in Indian Ocean trading Great Zimbabwe

Rises of African Empires: East Africa Rise of Axum City –state of the empire Abyssinia Strength came from the Red Sea Lots of goods from the sea Allows for great trade Fighting for trade routes Fought Kush for trade routes inland King Ezana defeated the Kush armies New Religion Ezana brought Christianity to the area Islam followed 100 years later Coastal City-States Arab dhows (sails powered sailboats) allowed them to travel to Africa Arab Muslims settle in East African city-states Sharing of goods and ideas Trading ports rise up along the East coast Major connection in Indian Ocean trading Great Zimbabwe Southeastern Africa Supplied gold, copper and ivory to East African coast Two kings Mutota and Matope Large empire stretching from south of Zambezi River to Indian Ocean Remains 300 stone buildings stand

Venn Diagram Create a venn diagram that shows: Similarities Differences Between: Western Africa, Rain Forest, East Africa Focus on Rise of the kingdoms