Trade Union Training on OSH Turin, 10 July 2006 Decent Work, Safe Work Annick Virot International Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment, ILO

Global Estimates Global workforce: 2.8 billion Work related fatalities: 2 million Occupational accidents: 270 million Work-related diseases: 160 million Global GDP (income) 30 000 billion USD Lost GDP in accidents/diseases 4 % Illiterate: 1000 million People in poverty: 1000 million Child workers: 246 million

Deaths, Disability and Disease Estimate of work related deaths in 2000: 1.9 –2.3 Million 10% were exposed already as working children

Work-related Annual Deaths - World

Fatalities caused by Occupational Accidents and Work-related diseases www.ilo.org/public/english/safework/accidis/index.htm

Fatal Occupational Accidents - Regions

17 million work accidents Year 2004 Hazardous Child Labour: 22 000 deaths 17 million work accidents

Observed and projected deaths from mesothelioma in British men

The ILO Response Decent Work must be Safe Work ILO Standards, Conv. 155, 161 and 81 and 88 other relevant conventions, Recording and Notification of occ.l accidents and diseases, 2002, New List of Occ. Diseases Global Strategy 2003 C187 Promotional Framework

ILO MEANS OF ACTION Development, promotion and supervision of International Labour Standards Development of Inspection Systems Development and promotion of Codes of Practice and other instruments Knowledge management (CIS) Technical cooperation Inter-agency cooperation Excluding C. 45 Total no of ratifications of 12 instruments 310 Indicators Ratification level Intentions to ratify Used as guidance Obstacles identified Substantive Form Lack of resources ILO National Proposed solutions

ILO Safety and Health Standards New standard related outputs: Safety and Health in Agriculture Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases 2003 Global Strategy C.187 Promotional Framework

ILO Standards, cntnd. Occupational Safety and Health Convention, C155 Occupational Health Services Convention, C161 Labour Inspection Convention, C81 20 key Conventions 88 other relevant Conventions Recommendations Codes of Practice

ILO Chemical and Product Standards Chemicals Convention, C170 Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention, C174 Lead, Benzene etc, Anthrax C3 Asbestos C162 Recommendations Codes of Practice

Integrated and Strategic Approach for Standards, ILC 2003 Consolidation and revision (Chemicals-related, Asbestos) Major change in new standards setting Standards and all other means of action linked together Include C155 and C161 in Core standards, a new “promotional framework instrument”

A Comprehensive Survey and Report on Occupational Safety and Health GENERAL INFORMATION Slide to keep open in the background at the start of the session.

Global Strategy and Action Plan Building and maintenance of a preventative safety and health culture right to safe and healthy work environment principle of prevention a systems approach Toolbox Promotion, awareness raising and advocacy ILO instruments: standards, codes, guides Technical assistance and cooperation Knowledge development, management and dissemination International Collaboration

Global Strategy and Action Plan

The number of ratifications out of 20 key ILO occupational safety and health conventions Sweden 18 conventions ratified Finland 18 Brazil 15 Germany, Norway, Spain 14 Uruguay 13 53 countries.... 4…12 Afghanistan...Botswana, Benin, Chad, China, Comoros,... Congo, Gabon, ...Kenya, Libya, Malaysia ...Mali, Mauritania,... Mozambique, Philippines,..Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan ..Thailand, Vietnam, D.Rep.Congo (Zaire), 2-3 A large number of countries (USA: 1) 0-1 www.ilo.org/public/english/50normes/index

ILO action through standards and other instruments Relevant standards 22 Conventions 2 Protocols 28 Recommendations Relevant other instruments 37 Codes of Practice The numbers (Cf. para 34 + Annex I) : Conventions (19) 17 Conventions on OSH + 2 Conventions on Labour inspection Protocols (2) 1 Protocol OSH 1 Protocol Labour inspection Recommendations (26) 23 Recommendations on OSH + 3 Rec:s on labour inspection Codes of practice(~37) Annex I lists 19 CoP which were those avaialble in electronic format for the CD-rom included in the survey. The present CD ROM includes reference to 37 Codes of practice and 4 technical guidelines The figure in uncertain as the classification and currency of these instruments is uncertain.

IMPACT OF STANDARDS Excluding C. 45 Total no of ratifications of 12 instruments 310 Indicators Ratification level Intentions to ratify Used as guidance Obstacles identified Substantive Form Lack of resources ILO National Proposed solutions

IMPACT OF STANDARDS poor coverage Excluding C. 45 Total no of ratifications of 12 instruments 310 Indicators Ratification level Intentions to ratify Used as guidance Obstacles identified Substantive Form Lack of resources ILO National Proposed solutions

International Labour Conference Agenda item in June 2005 and 2006 Reports sent to all member States, Workers and Employers http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc93/reports.htm http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc93/reports.htm

CODES OF PRACTICE ~ 37 CoP on OSH Indications of impact Requests for translations Related activities and requests for assistance Excluding C. 45 Total no of ratifications of 12 instruments 310 Indicators Ratification level Intentions to ratify Used as guidance Obstacles identified Substantive Form Lack of resources ILO National Proposed solutions

SafeWork New Codes and Guides

Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRESENT DIRECTIONS - THE CIS SURVEY PROPOSALS Porting all CIS data based SafeWork documents to the ILO Web-site Strengthening the CIS national centres network Developing linkages to global networks SURVEY PROPOSALS More CIS national centres Support translation of OSH information Lower cost of ILO publications Develop alternatives for countries without Internet Excluding C. 45 Total no of ratifications of 12 instruments 310 Indicators Ratification level Intentions to ratify Used as guidance Obstacles identified Substantive Form Lack of resources ILO National Proposed solutions

In Eng-Fre-Spa-Chi-Rus-Jap-Kor www.ilocis.org

National CIS Centres in 2005

www.ilo.org/safework www.ilo.org/encyclopaedia

ICSC GHS Control Banding Source: ILO/WHO/UNEP and EU: IPCS, Internat. Chemical Safety Cards, www.ilo.org/safework http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/tradabout/chi.htm

Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals – Bhopal 20 years ILO- CNN 28.4.2004

SOLVE – training package

TECHNICAL COOPERATION PRESENT DIRECTIONS Methodology for national OSH profiles and programmes under development Plans for strengthening regional structures Increased technical cooperation Country- and region-specific programmes TC as a means for information dissemination TC to support translation of OSH information Excluding C. 45 Total no of ratifications of 12 instruments 310 Indicators Ratification level Intentions to ratify Used as guidance Obstacles identified Substantive Form Lack of resources ILO National Proposed solutions

Application of enhanced and modern inspection methods Strategic enforcement International System Audits National action programmes

ILO targets and indicators Ratification and application of standards Application of Codes and Guides Application of new statistical tools, information systems and centres Application of enhanced and modern inspection methods National SafeWork programmes, national profiles, structures and services TC- projects, resource mobilization High on the Agenda

National targets and indicators Improved policies, legislation, coverage Occupational health services available Improved safety and health infrastructure and qualified manpower Better statistics, higher visibility on safety and health Advisory bodies and voluntary mechanisms established Index of key indicators, decent work index, DWI

Coverage rates, examples The coverage rate for workers compensation (how many are covered by compulsory insurance against accidents from all workers) in Pakistan: 2.3%, Denmark: 100%, Finland: 91% The coverage rate by labour inspection (ILO Convention 81 ) in Pakistan: 2.0 %, Finland: 90% (self employed, other than farmers, are covered only by a voluntary system, unemployed covered only by public health services) Number of Labour Inspectors, Finland 16/ 100 000 workers, Sweden 14/ 100 000, Russia 7/100 000 workers, Coverage of occupational health services: Finland 87%, Sweden 72%, most African countries 2-10%,

National SafeWork Programmes Vision, commitment on highest levels National Strategy and Targets (models in UK, Australia, Denmark, Finland…) National Profiles, indicators, inventory, index National Action Plans, sectoral/industry plans, plans for hazardous sectors and occupations, vulnerable groups, specific hazards and issues Resources allocated, accountabilities set Reporting framework, international audits Continued follow-up and adjustment

10 Key Indicators Input - laws and practice: 1. ratifications of ILO Conventions, 2. coverage of workforce (legal, enforcement, compensation, occupational health services) 3. index of key substance issues (selected): - safety committees, worker safety reps, - management systems, ILO-OSH 2001 - tripartite advisory bodies, - GHS labelling system and CSDS, - reliable accident and disease recording and notification systems, list of occ. diseases, - asbestos banned, « dirty dozen » pesticides (POP’s) banned, - some 100 other issues …

10 Key Indicators Process - Resources: 4. number of inspectors, doctors, safety engineers, full time professionals… 5. information/knowledge centres/institutes 6. national safety and health councils (tripartite) 7. promotion and elimination programs: - elimination of child labour, - elimination of silicosis, - elimination of second hand smoke at work - construction safety campaigns

Action plan towards sustained building of a Safety culture at work: The principal theme in the report and the survey is that effective implementation of OSH standards is hampered by fragmented and dispersed regulatory action both at the national and international (ILO) levels. Increasing the impact of standards and related activities in this area will depend on efficient, targeted and focused action which calls for the elaboration of a strategic action plan. The main focus of such an action plan should be to increase awareness of OSH concerns and to promote OSH standards globally. OSH systems - both at the international and national levels - are composed of specific and interrelated components, each serving individual functions with specific - albeit different - characteristics. The central mechanism to advocate is the concept of “Sound management of safety and health at work” as the most effective means for achieving strong and sustained safety culture at both the national and enterprise levels. The tools and measures for an implementation by the ILO of such a strategy would include the development of: 1) a promotional tool in the form of a new framework instrument - and in the medium term - updated OSH standards; 2) complementary new and updated codes of practice, 3) tools enabling a systematic self-identification of national needs and identification of technical cooperation priorities; 4) a system for the monitoring progress in national law and practice. ILO’s capacities and effectiveness in the area of knowledge management condition to a great extent the overall potential impact of these individual components.

10 Key Indicators, cont. Output: 8. properly recorded fatal and disabling accident rates by gender, industry, occupation, covering all sectors and self- employed, 9. records of compensated occupational diseases, estimates of work-related mortality for the whole work force, 10. Indicator(s) of absenteeism, life time working ability, average retirement age

Model policies, strategies, programmes and profiles Australia Denmark Finland Hungary Thailand South Africa UK USA ….

Areas Requiring National Action Strategic enforcement NATIONAL VISION Australian workplaces free from death, injury and disease NATIONAL TARGETS Reduce incidence of work-related fatalities by at least 20% by 30 June 2012 ( with a reduction of 10% being achieved by 30 June 2007). Reduce incidence of workplace injury by at least 40% by 30 June 2012 (with a reduction of 20% being achieved by 30 June 2007). NATIONAL PRIORITIES Areas Requiring National Action OHS awareness OHS skills Practical guidance National standards Incentives Strategic enforcement OHS data OHS research Compliance support 1. Reduce high incidence/severity risks 2. Improve capacity of business operators and workers to manage OHS 3. Prevent occupational disease more effectively 4. Eliminate hazards at the design stage 5. Strengthen capacity of government to influence OHS outcomes To improve the prevention of work-related death, injury and disease, the parties to the National OHS Commission, made up of the Commonwealth and all State and Territory Governments and representatives of employers and employees, have developed the National OHS Strategy. The Strategy sets out the basis for nationally strategic interventions that are intended, over the coming decade: ·      to foster sustainably safe and healthy work environments; and ·      to reduce significantly the numbers of people hurt or killed at work. Efforts will focus initially on the 5 national priorities that have been identified to bring about short and long-term OHS improvements, as well as longer-term cultural change. (Identify the 5) Australia, like many developed countries, is adopting an evidence-based approach in which prevention programs and policies are regularly: ·      monitored to track their implementation; ·      evaluated as to their efficiency, effectiveness and impact; and ·      reviewed and updated in light of experience. The parties will report annually through the Commission to the WRMC on progress in implementing the National OHS Strategy

United Kingdom

HSE – United Kingdom - Targets

South Africa: Policy and commitment

Work and Health Information Profile of Finland Ratification of ILO OSH-standards (100-0%) Labour safety inspectors (0.2-0/1000) Workplace safety personnel (15-0/1000) Occupational health service personnel (1.5-0/1000) * Scale and unit of indicator in brackets Work ability (9-7) Occupational diseases (0-2/1000, incomparable across Work accidents (0-100/1000) Fatal accidents (0-50/100,000) Coverage of occupational health services (100-0%) Work 50+ h/week (0-40%) High level noise (0-50%) High speed work (0-100%) Dangerous substances (0-50%) Heavy loads (0-50%) Asbestos consumption (0-4kg/capita) Worst country Finland Best country Pesticide consumption (0-200kg/agric. worker) Source: J. Rantanen, Iguassu 2003

Elements for ILO action Main priority: Increasing impact Promotion of a global Safety Culture including Sound management of OSH Basic tools An action plan with timeframes A framework instrument and updated standards Codes of Practice: Updating and currency National OSH programs A World OSH day A World Congress Seoul 2008 Action plan towards sustained building of a Safety culture at work: The principal theme in the report and the survey is that effective implementation of OSH standards is hampered by fragmented and dispersed regulatory action both at the national and international (ILO) levels. Increasing the impact of standards and related activities in this area will depend on efficient, targeted and focused action which calls for the elaboration of a strategic action plan. The main focus of such an action plan should be to increase awareness of OSH concerns and to promote OSH standards globally. OSH systems - both at the international and national levels - are composed of specific and interrelated components, each serving individual functions with specific - albeit different - characteristics. The central mechanism to advocate is the concept of “Sound management of safety and health at work” as the most effective means for achieving strong and sustained safety culture at both the national and enterprise levels. The tools and measures for an implementation by the ILO of such a strategy would include the development of: 1) a promotional tool in the form of a new framework instrument - and in the medium term - updated OSH standards; 2) complementary new and updated codes of practice, 3) tools enabling a systematic self-identification of national needs and identification of technical cooperation priorities; 4) a system for the monitoring progress in national law and practice. ILO’s capacities and effectiveness in the area of knowledge management condition to a great extent the overall potential impact of these individual components.

Action plan towards sustained building of a Safety culture at work: The principal theme in the report and the survey is that effective implementation of OSH standards is hampered by fragmented and dispersed regulatory action both at the national and international (ILO) levels. Increasing the impact of standards and related activities in this area will depend on efficient, targeted and focused action which calls for the elaboration of a strategic action plan. The main focus of such an action plan should be to increase awareness of OSH concerns and to promote OSH standards globally. OSH systems - both at the international and national levels - are composed of specific and interrelated components, each serving individual functions with specific - albeit different - characteristics. The central mechanism to advocate is the concept of “Sound management of safety and health at work” as the most effective means for achieving strong and sustained safety culture at both the national and enterprise levels. The tools and measures for an implementation by the ILO of such a strategy would include the development of: 1) a promotional tool in the form of a new framework instrument - and in the medium term - updated OSH standards; 2) complementary new and updated codes of practice, 3) tools enabling a systematic self-identification of national needs and identification of technical cooperation priorities; 4) a system for the monitoring progress in national law and practice. ILO’s capacities and effectiveness in the area of knowledge management condition to a great extent the overall potential impact of these individual components.

Costs of work-related injuries and diseases

Values and principles Standards and codes Information Collaboration Enforcement www.ilo.org/safework

UN Secretary General’s – Message on Safety and Health

Thank You! More from: www.ilo.org/safework