Religion in the Modern World
How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama? How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama? How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global? How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global? How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia? How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia?
Religion General Religious Trends General Religious Trends PLURALISM Fastest growing religions: Islam, Christianity Rise in atheism, AGNOSTICISM, apathy “Spiritual, not religious”
Roman Catholicism The Papacy The Papacy Traced back to St. PeterTraced back to St. Peter Spiritual-temporal officeSpiritual-temporal office Opposed to heresy, modern trendsOpposed to heresy, modern trends Lost temporal authority (1870)Lost temporal authority (1870)
Roman Catholicism The Lateran Treaty (Feb. 11, 1929) The Lateran Treaty (Feb. 11, 1929) Between Italy and papacy Agreement Pope ruler of Vatican City Restitution for expropriations Catholicism official religion of Italy
Roman Catholicism Pope John XXIII (r ) Pope John XXIII (r ) Of poor familyOf poor family Church historian, patriarch of VeniceChurch historian, patriarch of Venice Stressed social justice, condemned anti-SemitismStressed social justice, condemned anti-Semitism Sought reform of ChurchSought reform of Church Aggiornamento Aggiornamento Aperturismo Aperturismo
Roman Catholicism Second Vatican Council ( ) Second Vatican Council ( ) Notable reforms Liturgical changes New focus on laity Ecumenism, dialogue Declaration on Jews Not everyone pleased
Roman Catholicism Tomb of John XXIII, St. Peter’s Basilica
Roman Catholicism Pope John Paul II (r ) Pope John Paul II (r ) First non-Italian pope in centuries Traveler! Universal vision for Church Contributed to collapse of communism Traditional
Roman Catholicism
World Youth Day, Rome (2000)
Roman Catholicism John Paul II’s funeral Mass, St. Peter’s Square (April 8, 2005)
Roman Catholicism Pope Francis (2013-) Pope Francis (2013-) Jesuit, Latin AmericanJesuit, Latin American Themes of his papacyThemes of his papacy Humility Humility Social justice Social justice Progressive? Progressive? Environmentalism Environmentalism
Roman Catholicism
Questions? Questions?
Buddhism Buddhism Buddhism Began as revolt within HinduismBegan as revolt within Hinduism Siddhartha Gautama ( BC)Siddhartha Gautama ( BC) Troubled by human misery, sought answers Troubled by human misery, sought answers Meditation enlightenment Buddha Meditation enlightenment Buddha Disciples Disciples
Buddhism Fundamental Principles of Buddhism Fundamental Principles of Buddhism Anyone can attain spiritual blissAnyone can attain spiritual bliss Four Noble TruthsFour Noble Truths Everything is pain Everything is pain Origins of pain: desire Origins of pain: desire Extinction of desire nirvana Extinction of desire nirvana Follow way of Buddha end of pain Follow way of Buddha end of pain Spiritual goalsSpiritual goals Self-control Self-control Conquer self, desire release from Wheel of Life Conquer self, desire release from Wheel of Life
Buddhism
Buddhism The Two Branches of Buddhism The Two Branches of Buddhism Theravada “Pure” form of Buddhism Monastic life! Mahayana Doctrines of Buddha: “initial step” Buddha, bodhisattvas can provide spiritual assistance Monastic life not necessary Pu-tai
Buddhism The Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama Head monk of Tibetan BuddhismHead monk of Tibetan Buddhism Spiritual-political leader of TibetSpiritual-political leader of Tibet Reincarnation of past lamaReincarnation of past lama 14 Dalai Lamas14 Dalai Lamas
Buddhism Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet
Buddhism Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso (1935-) Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso (1935-) Began to rule 1950Began to rule 1950 China occupied Tibet October 1950China occupied Tibet October 1950 Tibetan resistance Chinese furyTibetan resistance Chinese fury Dalai Lama fled 1959Dalai Lama fled 1959
Buddhism The Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama Headquarters: Dharamsala, India Seeks peaceful means to Tibetan independence Pro-democracy Acclaimed speaker, prolific author
Buddhism
Buddhism Questions? Questions?
Religion in the Modern World How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama? How might we compare/contrast the offices of the papacy and Dalai Lama? How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global? How has the papacy become increasingly de-Italianized, and more global? How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia? How does the Dalai Lama’s present situation fit in with other events we have studied related to modern Asia?