Missed Creek adventure???? Using the note sheet you were provided, please COMPLETE ALL INFO by using the following: ~ THIS PPT ~as well as the other PPTs associated with WATER HEALTH ~WEBSITES NOTED on the note sheet REMINDER: THIS WILL BE YOUR 65% GRADE!! Missed Creek adventure????

How do we know if our water is healthy? There are PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL indicators that work together to determine the health of the water

Temperature Minimum = 32o Maximum = 97o Definition: How hot or cold the water is Healthy/Unhealthy Levels: Correct temperature to support the organisms/ecosystem Minimum = 32o Maximum = 97o

Temperature Causes of Temperature Change: loss or gain of shade heat pollution seasonal/global changes Effects of Temperature Change: decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) increased bacteria increased algae growth

Definition: A measure of how cloudy water is due to “stuff” in it. Healthy/Unhealthy Levels: Drinking water = at or below 1 NTU Salt water = below 25 NTU Fresh water = below 50 NTU turbidity

Causes of Turbidity Change: erosion/run-off disturbance of water storms algae growth Effects of Turbidity: increased temperature decrease in DO clogs gills in organisms blocks sunlight for photosynthesis

ph Definition: Measure of how acidic or basic the water is Healthy/Unhealthy Levels: Drinking Water: 7 Salt Water: 7.5  8.5 Fresh Water: 6.0  8.0

ph Causes of pH level change: acid rain or other chemicals minerals washing into water Effects of pH level change: death to sensitive plants and animals

Dissolved Oxygen Definition: Oxygen gas dissolved in the water Healthy/Unhealthy Levels: Correct amount of dissolved oxygen = lots of life 4-5 ppm is optimal Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen Causes of Change in DO Levels: increased temperature decaying plant matter Effects of Change of DO Levels: less diversity of species Kills fish  Dissolved Oxygen

Nutrients Definition: Substances that are usually good, but can become toxic if they are not the correct level Healthy/Unhealthy Levels: Correct amount of nitrates, phosphates, sunlight, minerals like salt = lots of life nitrates = 1 ppm or below is optimal phosphates = .03 or below ppm is optimal

Nutrients Causes of Nutrient Level Changes: fertilizer run-off animal waste run-off Effects of Nutrient Level Changes: EUTROPHICATION low DO

EUTROPHICATION …….. Excess Nutrients  Algae Bloom (pond scum)  darkness below surface  photosynthesis stops decomposers & other organisms use up oxygen DEATH Of Organisms

Bio-indicators Definition: Macro-invertebrates that live in the water and are sensitive to pollution Healthy/Unhealthy Levels: Lots of bio-indicators = healthy water Little or no bio-indicators = unhealthy water

Bio-indicators Causes of Change in Bio-Indicator Levels: increased levels of pollution Effects of Change in Bio-Indicator Levels: damages food chain loss of organisms

Hardness What are you testing for when you are testing the hardness of water? Minerals, specifically…Calcium & Magnesium “Hard” Water = contains Calcium & Magnesium “Soft” Water = softened with salt

“Game changers” MERCURY Natural toxic element – dumped in water from industries Usually affects people through eating fish from mercury contaminated water Causes kidney damage & brain/neurological disorders..esp on embryos

“Game changers” COLIFORM BACTERIA Bacteria commonly found in water, soil and vegetation Some forms are harmless, but can indicate the presence of fecal matter Harmful: E Coli