Ingress and Egress The means of entering and leaving the site Regulated by state and local governments Width Slope Drive radius Pavement composition Encroachment permit Parking Lot Design
Ingress and Egress Discourage through traffic Rule of thumb Less than 5000 vehicles/day use single 2- way drive or two 1-way drives Align new drives with other access drives Local regulations Distance from corners and other drives
Number of Parking Spaces Dictated by local codes Dependent upon use of the building Example requirements ©iStockphoto.com
Size of Parking Spaces Parallel Most difficult to access Avoid if possible Ninety-degree Most spaces per area Typical size: 9 ft x 18 ft or 19 ft More difficult to access than angles Not recommended for short term parking Angled Size varies according to angle 60 degree parking most common
Accessibility Accessible parking required
Accessibility Size of accessible parking spaces
Accessibility Size of accessible parking spaces ADA ABA Accessibility Guidelines
Aisle Width Dictated by local codes Two-way aisle is preferable Typical two-way aisle is 24 feet wide May be less for one-way traffic ©iStockphoto.com
Pedestrian Circulation Separate pedestrians from traffic Provide accessible route to entrance from parking, public transportation, and adjacent buildings Typical walkway widths 3 ft wide for one-way 5 ft wide for two-way ©iStockphoto.com US. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
Pedestrian Circulation Align parking spaces or easy pedestrian movement TM 5-803, Site Planning and Design courtesy Department of the Army.
Special Vehicle Access Plan for access for special vehicles that may access the site Fire engines City buses School buses Tractor trailers Garbage trucks Research required road widths, turn radii, and parking ©iStockphoto.com
Off-Street Loading Area Plan for access for loading and unloading of products and materials Best practices Locate loading area away from traffic Locate loading area out of view Check local requirements ©iStockphoto.com
Waste Disposal Plan for dumpster and garbage truck access Best practice – Screen dumpster from view Fence Wall Landscaping Check local regulations ©iStockphoto.com
Drainage Traditional design slopes pavement toward storm drains LID techniques Reduce impervious surface area Permeable pavement Permeable paver blocks Drain to adjacent buffers, strips, and swales Drain to nearby bioretention areas Courtesy the Environmental Protection Agency
Landscaping Improves aesthetics Building base landscaping Provides shade Parking screen (buffer) Parking islands ©iStockphoto.com
Lighting ©iStockphoto.com Improves safety Often required by local regulations Provides light to illuminate property but does not illuminate adjacent property
Example