Chapter 15 Section 5 Union victories in 1863, 1864, and 1865 brought the Civil War to an end.

Chancellorsville May 1-4, The Union army is defeated by Lee’s much smaller forces at the Battle of Chancellorsville in VA as a result of Lee’s brilliant and daring tactics. Confederate General Stonewall Jackson is mortally wounded by his own soldiers.

Jackson’s Death “I have lost my right arm.” Lee on the death of Jackson Jackson’s funeral May 10, Jackson dies

Gettysburg July 1-4, 1863 General Lee launches his second invasion in to the North hoping to break the North’s will to fight. Lee hoped a victory would convince other nations to recognize the Confederacy.

Day 1 Lee’s troops, on a raiding party looking for shoes, run into Meade’s cavalry triggering the battle of Gettysburg. The Union troops look for the best defensive position. They dig in on top of two hills south of town- Cemetery Ridge and Culp’s Hill.

Day 2 On July 2, Lee ordered an attack on the left side of the Union line hoping to capture Little Round Top from Union forces. Union troops fired down upon the Confederates- vicious fighting but Union forces held on.

Day 3 Lee orders a rush on the center of the Union line. Pickett’s Charge- Gen. George Pickett leads 15,000 men on a charge up the center of Cemetery Ridge. More than half of his men die in 50 minutes. Lee retreats back to Virginia.

Aftermath of Gettysburg Gettysburg was a turning point in the war. Lee would never again launch an attack in the North. Britain and France refuse to send aid

The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery. In the two minute speech he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed commitment to winning the war.

March to the Sea Lincoln needed victory for Union army to help him win reelection in General William T. Sherman’s campaign to destroy South’s railroads and industries provided Lincoln his victory.

March to the Sea Sherman’s 100,000 troops marched south from Tennessee in spring of 1864 to capture Atlanta, Georgia, in September, and Savannah in December. Sherman practiced total war, destroying civilian and economic resources, in the hope of ruining the South’s economy and ending its ability to fight. He hoped this would speed the end of the war.

The South Surrenders Grant broke through Confederate defenses at Petersburg VA, and Lee retreated from Richmond on April 2, Grant surrounded Lee’s army. Lee surrendered to Grant at the small town of Appomattox Courthouse, VA on April 9, 1865.

The Effects of the War Civil War had deep and long lasting effects. –Almost 620,000 Americans killed –The South’s defeat ended slavery. –Majority of former slaves had no homes or jobs. –Southern economy was in ruins. –Tremendous amount of hostility remained. –Many questioned how the U.S. could be united again.