Collecting, Organizing and Analyzing School Data Formulating School’s Core Values, Vision, and Mission Identifying School Develop- ment Objectives Formulating the School’s 3-year School Improvementl Plan and Annual Plan Writing the SIP Developing the School’s Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Communicating your SIP Problem Analysis Problem Analysis Objectives Analysis Pareto Analysis

Problem Analysis

is a tool that seeks to identify dissatisfying situations and their causes. In the process, other major problems around them and their cause-effect relationships are identified.

It is a situation which is dissatisfying and falls short of the expectations and objectives of a specific group of people. existing negative situations not as an absence of solutions. They should be formulated as existing negative situations and not as an absence of solutions. What is a PROBLEM?

Refrain from stating problems as “Lack of…” or “No…” or “Absence of …” describe the situation Instead describe the situation which causes the lack of or the absence of something. What is a PROBLEM?

judgment Refrain from making judgment statements as they are vague and evaluative in nature Instead describe the situation. What is a PROBLEM?

School Report Card The School Report Card provides valuable information about the problems faced by the school. List all problems initially before making connections. Reminders in Undertaking Problem Analysis

Steps in Problem Analysis List all possible problems Starter Problem Identify a Starter Problem Differentiate problems identified into deficiencies and constraints Rank Deficiency-related problems

List all possible problems Low Farmers’ Income Small Landholdings High Post Harvest Losses Poor Road Condition High Incidence of Criminal Activity High Transport Cost High Incidence of Malnutrition High Incidence of Diarrhea Low Prices of Palay Starter Problem Identify a Starter Problem

Categorize problems identified into deficiencies and constraints DeficiencyConstraint Problems related to the people's living conditions which are unsatisfactory Problems related to people's resources, to their actions and to the results of their actions

Low Farmers’ Income Small Landholdings High Post Harvest Losses Poor Road Condition High Incidence of Criminal Activity High Transport Cost High Incidence of Malnutrition High Incidence of Diarrhea Low Prices of Palay Categorize problems identified into deficiencies and constraints

Rank Deficiency-related problems Set Criteria objective measures Criteria identified should be objective measures which can be used to assess all deficiency- problems.

Rank Deficiency-related problems number of individuals affected existing projects or efforts undertaken most vulnerable group vague or loose Avoid vague or loose criteria that may mean differently to different individuals.

Review Problems against Criteria CriteriaLow Farmers’ Income High Incidence of Mal’trn High Incidence of Diarrhea 1.With the most number of Affected Individuals Addressed by an existing project No Rank Deficiency-related problems

Select a Starter Problem CriteriaLow Farmers’ Income High Incidence of Mal’trn High Incidence of Diarrhea 1.With the most number of Affected Individuals Addressed by an existing project No Rank Deficiency-related problems

Identify Immediate Causes Low Farmers’ Income Small Landholdings High Post Harvest Losses Poor Road Condition High Incidence of Criminal Activity High Transport Cost High Incidence of Malnutrition High Incidence of Diarrhea Low Prices of Palay Low Production

Identify Immediate Causes Low Farmers’ Income Low Production Low Prices of Palay

Low Farmers’ Income Low Prices of Palay Low Production Low Productivity Small Productive Land High Post- Harvest Losses Traditional Methods Marginal Lands Rain Fed Small Landholdings Disperse Landholdings Heavy Rainfall Improper Handling Identify Underlying Causes

Low Farmers’ Income Low Production Low Prices of Palay High Moisture Content Contract Harvest Practices High Transport Cost Ready Market Inferior Seeds Poor Road Condition Few Hauling Services Identify Underlying Causes

Low Farmers’ Income Low Prices of Palay Low Production Low Standard of Living Identify Effects

Low Farmer's Income Low Production Low Prices of Palay Low Productivity Small Productive Land Area High Post- Harvest Losses High Moisture Content Contract Harvest Practices High Transport Cost Traditional Methods Marginal Lands Rain Fed Small Landholding Disperse Landholding Ready Market Inferior Seeds Heavy rainfall Improper Handling Poor Road Conition Few Hauling Services The Problem Tree (Main Problem and Its Causes)

Friendly Reminders: List as many problems first. List as many problems first. To maximize use of metacards, write problems initially on a small piece of paper. To maximize use of metacards, write problems initially on a small piece of paper. Once the school agrees on the cause- and -effect relationship of problems, write them on the metacards. Once the school agrees on the cause- and -effect relationship of problems, write them on the metacards.

Friendly Reminders: Use different colors of metacards for different levels. Find a conspicuous place to post the problem tree. Find a conspicuous place to post the problem tree. Enjoy! Enjoy!

Please proceed to your respective workshop groupings.