Science 10 – Introduction Welcome Back !! Mrs. Leinweber Rm 107 Fall 2015

The Course There are 4 fabulous units in Science 10 Climate and Environment Cells and Plants The Elements and Chemical Reactions Motion and Forms of Energy

Where do we start ? Introduction, review and prepare for the course. What do I need to know how to do in order to be successful in Science 10 ? What do I need to do in order to be successful in Science 10 ?

Skill #1 - The Inquiry Method This is also known as the Scientific Method What are the Parts ?

Measurement pg 465 Student Reference 5 SI Units

Derived SI Units Measurement pg 465 Student Reference 5

Common SI Prefixes

Converting between units How many cm are in a m ? mm ? How many m are in a km ? How mins in 1 hr ? How many seconds ? How many mL are in 1 L ?

Accuracy vs Precision Accuracy is the difference between a measurement and it’s true value. Precision is the degree of agreement between measurements.

Significant Digits Are used to communicate the uncertainty of a measurement Rules for counting Significant Digits – Sometimes called Significant figures 1.All digits 1-9 are ALWAYS significant ! 2. Leading zero’s are NEVER significant !! 3. All other zero’s are ALWAYS significant !!!

Remember Rounding

Calculations

Practice Questions 1.4.5cm = L – 3.283L L = kg kg – 0.04kg =

Calculations

Practice Questions 1. (205)(0.52) = 2. (3.36cm)(4.709cm) = /5.4 =

Scientific Notation

A)5900 B)

Scientific Notation A) B)

Manipulating Equations Changing the subject of an equation TWO RULES TO LIVE BY – Opposite operation (+/-) (x/ ) – What you do to one side you MUST do to the other

Manipulating Equations

Graphing Graphing and Analyzing Scientific Data Graphing is an important procedure used by scientist to display the data that is collected during a controlled experiment. There are three main types of graphs: Pie/circle graphs: Used to show parts of a whole. Bar graphs: Used to compare amounts. Line graphs: Use to show the change of one piece of information as it relates to another change. Both bar and line graphs have an “X” axis (horizontal) and a “Y” axis (vertical).

Graphing Parts of a Graph: Title: Summarizes information being represented in ANY graph. Manipulated (Independent) Variable: The variable that is controlled by the experimenter, such as, time, dates, depth, and temperature. This is placed on the X axis. Responding (Dependent) Variable: The variable that is directly affected by the I.V. It is the result of what happens as time, dates, depth and temperature are changed. This is placed on the Y axis. Scales for each Variable: In constructing a graph, one needs to know where to plot the points representing the data. In order to do this a scale must be employed to include all the data points. This must also take up a conservative amount of space. It is not suggested to have a run on scale making the graph too hard to manage. The scales should start with 0 and climb in intervals such as, multiples of 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, etc…the scale of numbers will be determined by your data values. Legend: A short descriptive narrative concerning the graph’s data. It should be short and concise and placed under the graph. Extrapolate: extending the graph, along the same slope, above or below measured data. Interpolate: predicting data between two measured points on the graph

Graphing Parts of a graph

Graphing Graphing Rules Always have a title Label axis with units if necessary Use a pencil Use a ruler