Functional Groups Tomorrow in class – we are going to make a chart of all of these – so leave some room at the end of your notes for a chart with 4 columns – titled: Functional Group Structure Name Example

Alcohol Nomenclature Parent chain = longest chain containing C with -OH Root name: replace –e with –ol ethane  ethanol, butene  butenol, etc. Give –OH the smallest possible number –OH has priority over double bonds, alkyl groups Two –OH groups  -diol; three –OH groups  -triol – Add to end of root name (propane  propanediol) 5-methyl-3-hexanol 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol) antifreeze

Alcohol Naming Practice 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol) 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol 4-penten-2-ol3,5-dimethyl-2,4-heptanediol

Naming aldehydes and ketones Parent chain = longest chain containing C=O (carbonyl) AldehydeKetone Suffix Numbering Naming Priority: Aldehydes > Ketones > Alcohols -OH (alcohol) substituent → “hydroxy” –e becomes –al C=O is always C #1 (don’t have to number it) –e becomes –one C=O is lowest possible number (must number it) 3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanal O 3-methyl-2-butanone