ATOMIC THEORY REVIEW

ATOMS !!! What are the 3 subatomic particles? Protons neutrons electrons What is ALL matter made of?

What are the charges of the subatomic particles? protons (+) positive neutrons (0) neutral electrons (-) negative We know that there are the same number of p + and e - in atoms on the Periodic Table… So What is the overall charge of any atom? The overall charge of any atom is NEUTRAL… the positive charge cancels out the negative charge = 0!!!

What are the masses (amu) of the subatomic particles? p + = 1amu n = 1amu e - = 0 amu 1.66 x kg = 1 amu What is this AMU stuff????? Atomic mass unit (AMU) 2.2 lbs= 1 kg

What are the two areas of an atom? Nucleus and electron cloud

Where are the p+, n, and e- located in an atom? p+ in the nucleus n in the in nucleus e- in the electron cloud

Nucleus Where is ALL the mass in an atom located? Where is most of the volume of an atom located? Electron Cloud

The nucleus contains the p+ and n… while the electrons “orbit” the nucleus in the energy rings of the e- cloud. What does a Bohr model of the atom look like?

So what are the charges of the different areas? 1. So what is the overall charge of the nucleus? Positive 2. So what is the overall charge of the electron cloud? Negative

QUICK REVIEW- ATOMS Sub-atomic particles:. particleschargeamulocationabbrev. Protons Electrons e- Neutral (0) +p+nucleus neutrons Electron cloud _ nucleusnono protons, neutrons, and electrons nucleus and electron cloudParts of the atom:

Energy Levels of the Atom 8 e- 2e- 32e- 8 e- 18 e- 18 e- 32e- The Nucleus P+ N 0 1 st shell 7 th shell 2 nd shell 3 rd shell 4 th shell 5 th shell 6 th shell Atoms can have several energy levels. Sometimes they are also called energy rings, shells or orbits.

Lets take a look at the Periodic Table!

Burning Hindenburg

Bohr Model Practice 1. H 2. Be 3. Na 4. K 5. Rb 6. He 7. F 8. Cl 9. Br 10. I

More Bohr Model Practice 1. Fr 2. Te 3. Sn 4. Cs 5. Kr 6. At 7. Ga 8. Rn 9. Ag 10. W

What Bohr model patterns are you starting to see develop?  Periodic Table Patterns  The atomic number is the same number as the number of protons and electrons.  Atoms get larger as you move down and two the right on the periodic table.  As you move from left to right on the periodic table, you gain protons and electrons and neutrons.  As you go down from the periodic table, the atom gains another energy shell or orbit.

Valence Electrons Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. They determine whether the atom will bond with another atom. How many valence electrons does lithium have here? 1 valence electron Circle the valence electrons From your warm up.

1. What is the subatomic particle that determines the identity of the element? 20 A. Protons B. Electrons C. neutrons

2. The periodic table is arranged according to: 20 A. Atomic symbol B. Atomic mass C. Atomic number D. Boiling point

2. True of False: Elements on the periodic table increase according to their masses. A. True B. False No! Can you find on the periodic table where they are not?

How is the Periodic Table is Arranged? 1. 89, 90, 92, 94, So the periodic table is arranged according to what then? A. Atomic Symbol B. Atomic mass C. Atomic number D. Boiling point

Metals vs. Non-Metals Metals Non-metals Man made elements and Rare Earth metals Stair steps

Metal, Non-metals and Metalloids  Most elements are metals. 88 elements to the left of the stairstep line are metals or metal-like elements.  Nonmetals are found to the right of the stairstep line. Their characteristics are opposite those of metals.  Metalloids are elements on both sides of the zigzag line. They have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Metalloids on the Periodic Table FAMILIES/ GROUPS Periods/ Rows Metalloids

Families on the Periodic Table

Elements in the Earth’s ATMOSPHERE ElementAmount Nitrogen78.1 % Oxygen20.9 % Argon0.96 %

Elements in the Earth’s OCEANS ElementAmount Oxygen85.84 % Hydrogen10.82 % Chlorine1.94 % Sodium1.08 % Magnesium %

Elements in the Earth’s CRUST ElementAmount Oxygen46.1 % Silicon28.2 % Aluminum8.23 % Iron5.63 % Calcium4.15 %

So where do the names come from? Iron (Fe)………….……Ferrum Sodium (Na)….. …….Natrium Gold (Au)……………Aurum Silver (Ag)………….Argentum Potassium (K)………… Kalium Copper (Cu) ………….Cuprum Mercury (Hg) ……Hydragyrum Antimony (Sb)………… Stibium Tin(Sn)….………… Stannum Lead(Pb) ……………..Plumbum Tungsten(W)………….Wolfran These abbreviations are for there LATIN names of the elements.

Use your knowledge of the relationships in the periodic table to answer each question. ABC DEF GHI Mystery Table

1. If element D has 14 protons, how many would an atom of element F have? 30 ABC DEF GHI A. 15 B. 12 C. 56 D. 16 Mystery Periodic Table

2. If Element H has 3 valence electrons, how many would element C have? 30 ABC DEF GHI Mystery Periodic Table A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

3. If element I has 4 energy levels, how many would element B have? 30 ABC DEF GHI Mystery Periodic Table A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

4. If element C has 22 electrons, how many would an atom of element A have? 30 ABC DEF GHI Mystery Periodic Table A. 24 B. 16 C. 20 D. 24

5. If element C has 4 valence electrons, how many would Element G have? 30 ABC DEF GHI Mystery Periodic Table A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

6. Where is all the volume (space) an atom takes up? 30 A. Nucleus B. Electron cloud

7. What is the charge of the NUCLEUS of an atom? 30 A. Negative B. Positive C. neutral

8. What are valence electrons? 30 A. Electrons that are radioactive B. Electrons that are on the last ring C. Electrons that are on the first ring D. It’s just a fancy name for electrons silly!

9. How many valence electrons does Magnesium have? 30 A. 12 B. 8 C. 2

10. Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom? 30 A. Protons B. Electrons C. neutrons

11. What is the overall charge of an atom? 30 A. Positive B. Negative C. Neutral

12. Titanium is: 30 A. A metal B. A non-metal C. A metalloid

13. Boron is: 30 A. A metal B. A non-metal C. Metalloid

14. The fourth ring of an atom can hold _____ electrons 30 A. 2 B. 32 C. 8 D. 18

15. Where is all the mass in an atom? 30 A. In the protons B. In the neutrons C. In the electron cloud D. In the nucleus

16. Surprisingly the earth’s atmosphere is mostly made of: 30 A. Nitrogen B. Oxygen C. Argon D. Hydrogen E. Calcium

17. Most elements are: 30 A. Metals B. Non-metals C. Metalloids

18. Chlorine is: 30 A. A metal B. A non-metal C. A metalloid

19. Most element symbols of elements are atom’s abbreviations but some are different because: 30 A. Scientists wanted to be difficult B. They are latin C. They are spanish D. Because they wanted to!

20. True or False: It is okay to put electrons in any electron ring. 30 A. True B. False