Geology 101 David Brown. James Hutton (1726-1797 CE) Scottish geologist Scottish geologist Developed the laws of geology Developed the laws of geology.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Relative Dating of Rocks Layers

Advertisements

Time and Geology Sir Charles Lyell Image source:

“How can scientists determine the age of rocks and fossils?”

How do we know what happened first?

Unit 6 – The Geosphere Vocabulary

Relative Age Dating Activity.

Section 4.2  The relative age of a rock is its age compared to the ages of other rocks.  Ex. Mrs. Herrscher is older than her sister and brother. 

Finding the Relative age of Rocks

Discovering Earth’s History

 Uniformitarianism- Principle that states that the same geological process shaping the Earth today have been at work throughout Earth’s history.  Examples:

Earth Science Regents Review Unit 5. Sequence of Events Principle of Superposition: older layers are on the bottom Law of Original Horizontality: sedimentary.

Geologic Time Earth’s History.

Physical Geology Chapter 6 The Rock Record. Uniformitarianism Is a theory that rejects the idea that catastrophic forces were responsible for the current.

GEOLOGIC PRINCIPLES & RELATIVE DATING. HOW OLD IS THE EARTH? The Earth is about 4.6 billion years old Much of its history is recorded in the rocks Observations.

Relative Dating of Strata. Relative Dating Determining relative ages of rocks or strata compared to another rock or strata. Can say which layer is older.

Geology. The study of the solid Earth and the processes that shape it – Plate tectonics – Past climates – Natural disasters – Fossil Record – Evolution.

The Rock and Fossil Record

Discovering Earth’s History Rocks Record Earth’s History 1. Rocks record geological events and changing life forms of the past. 2.Scientists have learned.

The principle of uniformitarianism  Uniformitarionism is a principle that states that the same geologic processes shaping the earth.

Interpreting Earth’s Rocks to Determine Its Past History.

LEQ: How do geologists and paleontologists determine the relative age of rocks? Part 2 Key Terms: Uniformitarianism, Original horizontality, cross- cutting.

Interpreting Earth’s Rocks to Determine Its Past History.

The Relative Age of Rocks PH Essential Question How does the law of Superpostion help geologists date rocks and what evidence do they use?

Determining Relative Age The beginning of modern geology.

Relative Dating and Relative Age

7.4.c Students know that the rock cycle includes the formation of new sediment and rocks and that rocks are often found in layers, with the oldest generally.

21.2 – Relative Age Dating How can you tell if one rock layer is older than another? How can you tell if one fossil is older than another? What is an index.

Science Earth’s Changing Surface Chapter 4 Section 2.

Bell Ringer How do fossils form? Where are they found and describe each?

James Hutton proposed the principle of uniformitarianism. This states that the processes occurring on Earth today, have been occurring since Earth first.

What is relative and absolute age? A rock layer’s relative age is its age compared to the ages of other rock layers. Generally (relative) versus specifically.

Stratigraphy Stratigraphy is the branch of geology that deals with the arrangement of rocks in layers.

Understanding Geologic Time. How old is it? How do we know? Absolute dating – process of assigning a precise numerical age to an organism, object or.

The Geologist as Detective Chapter 6 : Interpreting Geologic History.

Relative Age dating Basic Principles.

Methods of Measurement

CHAPTER 8-THE ROCK RECORD GRAND CANYON VIDEO GRAND CANYON VIDEO How can we determine ages of rocks and the Earth?

GEOLOGICAL TIME. GEOLOGY NEEDS A TIME SCALE An investigation of the history of Earth Understanding how features of landscape developed and formed Reconstructing.

2 Types.  Relative Dating  Absolute Dating  1. Law of superposition – youngest layer on top; oldest layer on bottom.

Laws of Geologic History. Law of Superposition The oldest layer is at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top. The oldest layer is at the bottom.

Geologic History Relative Dating. Birth of Modern Geology Began in the late 1700’s when James Hutton published his Theory of the Earth. He was the first.

Earth’s History How do we know about it?. What is Uniformitarianism? Uniformitarianism: –Is a theory developed by the Scottish geologist, James Hutton,

Geologist interpret Earth’s history by studying sedimentary rocks Relative Dating.

Chapter 8 Section 1 Pages #’s 1-4 Determining Relative Age.

Relative Dating. Identifying which rock units formed first, second, third, and so on. Tells us the sequence in which events occurred, not how long ago.

Relative-Age Dating. Scientists have not always thought Earth was as old as it is. James Hutton in the late 1700’s was the first geologist to think Earth.

Dating the Earth Chapter 12. A major goal of Geology is to interpret Earth’s History !! A pioneering geologist and 2 nd director of the USGS. Led an expedition.

Earth Science Notes Relative Age of Rocks. Objectives I can… Distinguish relative and absolute dating. Describe the 6 laws of relative dating. Use the.

Interpreting Earth’s Rocks to Determine Its Past History.

Catastrophism vs Uniformitarianism and Relative Age Dating

Chapter 16 Fossils and the Rock Record. The Rock Record Geologic Time Scale Divisions of time based on types of fossils found preserved in the rock Present:

(7 th ) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes The Relative Age of Rocks.

How old is old?. Earth Processes take a really, really, really (really) long time….. So, the question is – How do we know how old something is? Especially.

Aim: How do Scientists Read Rocks? Do Now: In your notes, answer the following question. Of the three types of rocks we have discussed (Igneous, Sedimentary.

The Rock and Fossil Record II. Relative Dating: Which Came First?

Geologic time Relative dating

21.2 – Relative Age Dating. Interpreting Geology James Hutton, a Scottish geologist who lived in the late 1700s Attempted to explain Earth ’ s history.

Law of Uniformitarianism

Geologic Time Uniformitarianism vs. Catastrophism.

Relative Dating.

Relative Dating.

Relative Dating.

Geologic Principles Notes

How Old is Old? Geologic Time.

Relative Dating 12/7/2018.

Aim: How do Scientists read Rocks?

Igneous Intrusion Fault. Igneous Intrusion Fault.

The Rock Record.

Determining Relative Age

Presentation transcript:

Geology 101 David Brown

James Hutton ( CE) Scottish geologist Scottish geologist Developed the laws of geology Developed the laws of geology Considered the Father of Modern Geology Considered the Father of Modern Geology

Uniformitarianism “the present is the key to the past". “the present is the key to the past". The processes (plate tectonics, mountain building, erosion) we see today are believed to have been occurring since the Earth was formed. The processes (plate tectonics, mountain building, erosion) we see today are believed to have been occurring since the Earth was formed.

Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism Chapter 6 Section 1 Earth’s Story and Those Who First Listened Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Law of Original Horizontality Sedimentary rocks are laid down in horizontal or nearly horizontal layers. Sedimentary rocks are laid down in horizontal or nearly horizontal layers.

Law of Superposition In an undisturbed rock sequence, the bottom layer of rock is older than the layer above it. In an undisturbed rock sequence, the bottom layer of rock is older than the layer above it

Cross Cutting Relationships The thing doing the cutting is younger than the rock being cut. The thing doing the cutting is younger than the rock being cut.

Inclusions The included rock is older than the rock around it. The included rock is older than the rock around it.

Law of Faunal Succession Fossils occur in a definite, invariable sequence in the geologic record. Fossils occur in a definite, invariable sequence in the geologic record. Index fossils help determine age of rock. Index fossils help determine age of rock.

Unconformity Gaps in the rock record caused by weathering, erosion, and volcanic action. Gaps in the rock record caused by weathering, erosion, and volcanic action.

Unconformities Chapter 6 Section 2 Relative Dating: Which Came First? Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

Correlation The matching of rock outcrops of one region to those of another region. The matching of rock outcrops of one region to those of another region. Geologists use fossils, unique rocks, or mineral features to match the layers. Geologists use fossils, unique rocks, or mineral features to match the layers

Geologic Column Chapter 6 Section 2 Relative Dating: Which Came First? Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept