13.3 Solids, Dude! In a solid, all particles have a fixed location Crystals: repeating structures in a solid Allotropes can exist in more than one “design” (like carbon-graphite, diamond, or bucky ball) Amorphous solids: have no regular repeating shape.
13.4 Changing states Nomenclature Melting and freezing are opposites. Boiling and condensation are opposites Sublimation goes straight from solid to gas All of this can vary depending on temperature and pressure
Phase diagrams
Summary Read p 406, know vocabulary and labs and lab notes
a.unit cellc.allotropes b.crystald.amorphous solid Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. ____1.the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the shape of the crystal ____2.a solid in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern ____3.a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure ____4.two or more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state
a.melting pointd.evaporation b.boiling pointe.vaporization c.sublimationf.normal boiling point Match each item with the correct statement below. ____5.vaporization at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling ____6.the conversion of a liquid to a gas below the boiling point ____7.the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure ____8.the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to 1 atmosphere ____9.the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid ____10.the change of a solid directly to a vapor
a.kinetic theoryd.barometer b.atmospheric pressuree.kinetic energy c.vapor pressure Match each item with the correct statement below. ____11.All matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion. ____12.the energy an object has due to its motion ____13.a device used to measure atmospheric pressure ____14.the pressure resulting from the collision of atoms and molecules with objects ____15.a measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid