Cardiovascular System

Role of the Cardiovascular System the body’s delivery service the body’s delivery service the heart pumps blood through the blood vessels to the entire body. the heart pumps blood through the blood vessels to the entire body.

The heart is a muscular organ, about the size of your fist, located between the lungs behind the sternum. The heart is a muscular organ, about the size of your fist, located between the lungs behind the sternum. It is a pump that beats an average of 72 times a minute, 100,000 times a day, and 3 trillion times an averabe lifetime. It is a pump that beats an average of 72 times a minute, 100,000 times a day, and 3 trillion times an averabe lifetime. beating heart beating heart beating heart beating heart The Heart

The pericardium is a protective sac covering the heart The pericardium is a protective sac covering the heart made up of two layers: made up of two layers: Visceral pericardium – inner layer next to heart Visceral pericardium – inner layer next to heart Parietal pericardium – outer layer Parietal pericardium – outer layer The Pericardium

the heart is divided into right and left sides by a wall called the septum the heart is divided into right and left sides by a wall called the septum the heart has four chambers: two upper, thin-walled atria, and two lower, thick- walled ventricles. the heart has four chambers: two upper, thin-walled atria, and two lower, thick- walled ventricles. Chambers of the Heart

Some valves control the flow of blood within the heart Some valves control the flow of blood within the heart Mitral (bicuspid) valve: between the left atrium and left ventricle Mitral (bicuspid) valve: between the left atrium and left ventricle Tricuspid valve: between the right atrium and right ventricle Tricuspid valve: between the right atrium and right ventricle The pulmonary and aortic valves stop the backflow of blood into the heart The pulmonary and aortic valves stop the backflow of blood into the heart Valves of the Heart

Blood Flow The cardiovascular system has three types of blood vessels: The cardiovascular system has three types of blood vessels: Arteries (and arterioles) – carry blood away from the heart Arteries (and arterioles) – carry blood away from the heart Capillaries – where nutrient and gas exchange occur Capillaries – where nutrient and gas exchange occur Veins (and venules) – carry blood toward the heart. Veins (and venules) – carry blood toward the heart.

Passage of Blood Through Heart Each atria pumps blood to a ventricle through valves. (tricuspid and mitral valve) Each atria pumps blood to a ventricle through valves. (tricuspid and mitral valve) The right ventricle will pump blood to the lungs to be oxygenated (via: pulmonary artery) and the blood will return to the heart via the pulmonary vein. The right ventricle will pump blood to the lungs to be oxygenated (via: pulmonary artery) and the blood will return to the heart via the pulmonary vein. The oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle and out through the aorta to the body. The oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle and out through the aorta to the body.

Cardiac Conduction System contained in special heart tissue called conductive tissue contained in special heart tissue called conductive tissue controls electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract controls electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract

circulation is the flow of blood circulation is the flow of blood There are three types: There are three types: 1) Coronary circulation 2) Pulmonary circulation 3) Systemic circulation Circulation

the circulation of blood within the heart the circulation of blood within the heart the coronary arteries (branch off the aorta) supply blood to the heart muscle the coronary arteries (branch off the aorta) supply blood to the heart muscle Since the coronary arteries are so small, they are easily clogged, leading to heart disease. Since the coronary arteries are so small, they are easily clogged, leading to heart disease. Coronary Circulation

Pulmonary Circulation the flow of blood between the heart and lungs the flow of blood between the heart and lungs pulmonary arteries carry blood low in oxygen from the right ventricle to the lungs to get oxygen pulmonary arteries carry blood low in oxygen from the right ventricle to the lungs to get oxygen pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium. pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium.

Systemic Circulation the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body The aorta branches with an artery going to each specific organ. The aorta branches with an artery going to each specific organ. eg. the carotid artery supplies blood to the head and neck eg. the carotid artery supplies blood to the head and neck Generally, an artery divides Generally, an artery divides into arterioles and capillaries which then lead to venules and veins

Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation

Major arteries and veins of systemic circulation