Dynamic Issues in Fault- to-Fault Jumping David Oglesby UC Riverside UCERF3 Workshop June 11, 2011.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Seismic energy radiation from dynamic faulting Raúl Madariaga Ecole Normale Supérieure Laboratoire de Géologie (from Aochi and Madariaga, BSSA 2003)
Advertisements

Earthquake recurrence models Are earthquakes random in space and time? We know where the faults are based on the geology and geomorphology Segmentation.
New Mapping of Creeping Faults Bartlett Springs Fault & northern Green Valley Fault
Predictive Modeling of Seismicity Sequences in Southern California Julia Clark David D. Bowman California State University, Fullerton.
Slides for Ben Study Area 500 km N Great Earthquakes, Strongly-Coupled Arc Pacific plate motion 1938, , M S 7.4 tsunami earthquake 1957, 9.1.
16/9/2011UCERF3 / EQ Simulators Workshop RSQSim Jim Dieterich Keith Richards-Dinger UC Riverside Funding: USGS NEHRP SCEC.
New Multiple Dimension Stress Release Statistic Model based on co-seismic stress triggering Mingming Jiang Shiyong Zhou ITAG, Peking University
Numerical simulation of seismic cycles at a subduction zone with a laboratory-derived friction law Naoyuki Kato (1), Kazuro Hirahara (2), and Mikio Iizuka.
Earthquake dynamics at the crossroads between seismology, mechanics and geometry Raúl Madariaga, Mokhtar Adda-Bedia ENS Paris, Jean-Paul Ampuero, ETH Zürich,
GreatBreak: Grand Challenges in Geodynamics. Characteristics of a Desirable Geodynamic Model Ties together observational constraints on current state.
Earthquake Probabilities for the San Francisco Bay Region Working Group 2002: Chapter 6 Ved Lekic EQW, April 6, 2007 Working Group 2002: Chapter.
Lecture-11 1 Lecture #11- Faults and Faulting. Lecture-11 2 Faults Bound the Major Plates.
Earthquake interaction The domino effect Stress transfer and the Coulomb Failure Function Aftershocks Dynamic triggering Volcano-seismic coupling.
Predicting the Endpoints of Earthquake Ruptures Steven G. Wesnousky Nature, 444, , 2006 doi: /nature05275.
Lecture 14 Oblique subduction in Sumatra. A few other examples of oblique subduction.
SCEC Annual Meeting - ITR 09/17/021 Numerical Modeling Using Finite Difference Techniques.
Remote Seismicity following Landers Earthquake Steve Kidder.
The last of the CIRCULAR GRAPHS which will HAUNT YOU ALL QUARTER January 13, 2005 [Many thanks to H. Bob]
03/09/2007 Earthquake of the Week
Ge277-Experimental Rock Friction implication for seismic faulting Some other references: Byerlee, 1978; Dieterich, 1979; Ruina, 1983; Tse and Rice, 1986;
Mark Harms 10/31/081 Stick-Slip Activity Intro Exploring an earthquake model.
Stress III The domino effect Stress transfer and the Coulomb Failure Function Aftershocks Dynamic triggering Volcano-seismic coupling.
The Mechanics of the crust
Near-Field Modeling of the 1964 Alaska Tsunami: A Source Function Study Elena Suleimani, Natalia Ruppert, Dmitry Nicolsky, and Roger Hansen Alaska Earthquake.
CAPTURING PHYSICAL PHENOMENA IN PARTICLE DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF GRANULAR GOUGE Effects of Contact Laws, Particle Size Distribution, and the 3 rd Dimension.
The Evolution of Regional Seismicity Between Large Earthquakes David D. Bowman California State University, Fullerton Geoffrey C. P. King Institut de Physique.
Induced Slip on a Large-Scale Frictional Discontinuity: Coupled Flow and Geomechanics Antonio Bobet Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Virginia Tech,
Real-time application of Coulomb stress modelling and related issues By Suleyman S. Nalbant, Sandy Steacy & John McCloskey Geophysics Research Group, University.
A (re-) New (ed) Spin on Renewal Models Karen Felzer USGS Pasadena.
Zadonina E.O. (1), Caldeira B. (1,2), Bezzeghoud M. (1,2), Borges J.F. (1,2) (1) Centro de Geofísica de Évora (2) Departamento de Física, Universidade.
March 2006 WGCEP Workshop Ruth A. Harris U.S. Geological Survey.
How Faulting Keeps Crust Strong? J. Townend & M.D. Zoback, 2000 Geology.
 A vibration of the Earth produced by a rapid release of energy  Often occur along faults – breaks in the Earths crust and mantle (plate boundaries)
Creep, compaction and the weak rheology of major faults Norman H. Sleep & Michael L. Blanpied Ge 277 – February 19, 2010.
Inherent Mechanism Determining Scaling Properties of Fault Constitutive Laws Mitsuhiro Matsu’ura Department of Earth and Planetary Science Graduate School.
Coulomb Stress Changes and the Triggering of Earthquakes
Yuehua Zeng & Wayne Thatcher U. S. Geological Survey
16/9/2011UCERF3 / EQ Simulators Workshop ALLCAL Steven N. Ward University of California Santa Cruz.
1 Japanese Segmentation Perspective Yasuo AWATA Active Fault Research Center, Geol.Surv.Japan, AIST WGCEP workshop at Caltech, March 15, 2006.
Pelatihan : Techniques in Active Tectonic Study Juni 20-Juli 2, 2013 Instruktur: Prof. J Ramon Arrowsmith (JRA) Dari Arizona State University (ASU) - US.
Types of Faults and seismic waves. What is a fault? A fault is a break in the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust, along which rocks on either side have.
Types of Faults and seismic waves
The influence of the geometry of the San Andreas fault system on earthquakes in California Qingsong Li and Mian Liu Geological Sciences, 101 Geol. Bldg.,
Near-Source Observations of Earthquakes:
February 13-15, 2006 Hydromechanical modeling of fractured crystalline reservoirs hydraulically stimulated S. Gentier*, X. Rachez**, A. Blaisonneau*,
Geology Failure Models
Earthquake Machine Mechanical Modeling to Increase Student Understanding of Complex Earth Systems Most of you are probably covering strike-slip faults.
The rupture process of great subduction earthquakes: the concept of the barrier and asperity models Yoshihiro Kaneko (Presentation based on Aki, 1984;
California Earthquake Rupture Model Satisfying Accepted Scaling Laws (SCEC 2010, 1-129) David Jackson, Yan Kagan and Qi Wang Department of Earth and Space.
Slow/silent slip events in deeper seismogenic portion of subduction zones -- mechanism investigation from 3D modeling Yajing Liu [1], James R. Rice [1,2]
Seismic Sources CEE 431/ESS465. Seismic Sources Identification Geologic evidence Field reconnaissance Trench logging Test pits, borings Airphoto interpretation.
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data … also, use ENVISAT (C-band) data from the same time period to resolve vertical/horizontal components of surface velocity.
Role of Grain Shape and Inter-Particle Friction on the Strength of Simulated Fault Gouge – Results, Questions, Directions D. Place, P. Mora, and S. Abe.
Thursday May 9 8:30 am-noon Working Group 4 Convenors: Olsen, Igel, Furumura Macro-scale Simulation Dynamic Rupture and Wave Propagation Innovations in.
SPICE Research and Training Workshop III, July 22-28, Kinsale, Ireland DEM Simulation of dynamic Slip on a rough Fault Steffen Abe, Ivan.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Earth Sciences Division 1 Cyclotron Road, MS Berkeley, CA D modeling of fault reactivation.
Analysis of ground-motion spatial variability at very local site near the source AFIFA IMTIAZ Doctorant ( ), NERA Project.
On constraining dynamic parameters from finite-source rupture models of past earthquakes Mathieu Causse (ISTerre) Luis Dalguer (ETHZ) and Martin Mai (KAUST)
Summary Divergent Boundaries – Mid- Ocean Ridges (MOR) Separates 2 tectonic plates Tectonic plates move apart – extensional forces New oceanic crust generated.
Types of Faults and seismic waves
Presented by Chris Rollins and Voonhui Lai Ge 277 Winter 2016
Workshop on Megathrust Earthquakes and Tsunami
Dynamic models of steps and branches
Southern California Earthquake Center
4th period chemistry Dr.Buckner
Warm Up 09/26/2016 What are the three types of boundaries and explain the motion that occurs at each? What is produced at a Transform Boundary? What.
Forces inside Earth Information Scale and Forecasting
Earthquakes.
Earthquakes.
by Julian C. Lozos Science Volume 2(3):e March 11, 2016
Presentation transcript:

Dynamic Issues in Fault- to-Fault Jumping David Oglesby UC Riverside UCERF3 Workshop June 11, 2011

Basic Idea What are some properties that affect the ability of rupture to jump a stepover? Can we still predict jump likelihood ahead of time?

Mechanism of Jumping Rupture

Harris and Day, 1993 Mechanism of Jumping Rupture

Harris and Day, 1993 Effect of Stepover Width, Direction, and Overlap/Gap

Harris and Day, 1993 Effect of Static Stress Level

Effect of Multiple Earthquake Cycles on Stress Stress (Mpa) Along Strike (km) 4 km Wide Compressional Stepover Duan and Oglesby (2006)

Effect of Stress/Slip Gradient at Fault Edge Oglesby, 2008

Effect of Stress/Slip Gradient at Fault Edge Elliott et al., 2009

Effect of Stress/Slip Gradient at Fault Edge Elliott et al., 2009

Linking Faults Magistrale and Day,1999

Linking Faults Lozos et al., 2011

Intermediate Faults No intermediate fault Lozos et al. 2011

Intermediate Faults 3 km long intermediate fault

Intermediate Faults 5 km long intermediate fault

Intermediate Faults 7 km long intermediate fault

Intermediate Faults 10 km long intermediate fault

Intermediate Faults 15 km long intermediate fault

Frictional Properties Fracture energy determines area of critical slipping region on secondary fault segment for nucleation. Higher fracture energy -> harder to nucleate rupture on secondary fault segment.

Summary Fault geometry Extensional stepovers (with overlaps!) are easier to jump than compressional ones. Narrower stepovers with overlaps facilitate jump. With linking faults, smaller angles and shorter connecting segments facilitate jump. Intermediate faults can facilitate or inhibit jump depending on size. Stress field Stress near failure, with strong stress gradient at edge of fault, facilitates jump. Frictional Properties Friction law is secondary effect; low fracture energy facilitates jump.

Conclusions There are many factors that influence whether rupture will jump a stepover, and what the slip will be on that fault system. We have only scratched the surface! Some factors may be known ahead of time [geometry, surface slip in past event(s)], some not. Dynamic (vs. static) analysis may be necessary in some cases. What is the predictability? Do the current results imply that a specific model of each stepover is necessary? Are there rules of thumb? Better knowledge of stress field around stepover is crucial, as is subsurface geometry. The observational results are telling us something about the physical parameters (geometry, stress, friction) on real faults.

Harris and Day, 1993 Effect of Overlap vs. Gap

Slip in Multi-Segment Rupture Willemse et al., 1996

Slip in Multi-Segment Rupture Willemse et al., 1996

Slip in Multi-Segment Rupture Kase, 2010