Changing Objectives of Optimization 유리 Movement Research Lab

Topics 1. Metabolic energy expenditure minimization(new) 2. Co-activation parametrization

Topics 1. Metabolic energy expenditure minimization(new) 2. Co-activation parametrization

Metabolic energy expenditure(old)

Coactivation for anterior tibialis / lateral gastrocnemius(old) Muscle actuationJoint torqueMetabolic energy Anterior Tibialis Lateral Gastrocnemius

Metabolic energy expenditure(new) E = Metabolic energy expenditure E = m i · a i m i = mass of i-th muscle a i = activation of i-th muscle

Coactivation for anterior tibialis / lateral gastrocnemius(old) Muscle actuationJoint torqueMetabolic energy Anterior Tibialis Lateral Gastrocnemius

Coactivation for anterior tibialis / lateral gastrocnemius(new) Muscle actuationJoint torqueMetabolic energy Anterior Tibialis Lateral Gastrocnemius

Energy consumption & Coactivation Muscle actuation < Metabolic energy < Joint torque 150cal/m < 170/m < 180cal/m

Topics 1. Metabolic energy expenditure minimization(new) 2. Co-activation parametrization

Co-activation parametrization … Joint torque Muscle activation

Co-activation parametrization Range of muscle activation 0 ≤ a ≤ 1 When a = 0, muscle is fully relaxed exerting no active force When a = 1, muscle is exerting its maximum force …

Co-activation pair? How can we define muscle co-activation pairs? Ex)anterior tibialis & lateral gastrocnemius

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