NEW TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS AND STRATEGIES TO SUPPORT ACADEMIC LIBRARIES Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides February 2011 Kentucky Next Generation Catalog Workshop

Abstract  In the decade since the implementation of the Voyager ILS in the SAALCK member libraries, tremendous changes have transpired in the realm of academic libraries. Today, academic libraries face a newer set of challenges, especially in the proportions of electronic content they manage relative to their print collections and often have much more involvement in the creation and management of digital collections. Academic libraries need automation platforms better aligned with these realities. Marshall Breeding will flesh out some of these trends and the kinds of products, services, and technologies available or being developed in response. Topics addressed will include the position of open source automation systems for academic libraries, how discovery systems impact library automation strategies, and the some of the conceptual approaches seen in the slate of new-generation library automation platforms. Following the presentation there will be time for questions and discussion.

Current state of the industry

Library Technology Guides

Library Journal Automation Marketplace  Published annually in April 1 issue  Based on data provided by each vendor  Focused primarily on North America  Context of global library automation market

Annual Industry report published in Library Journal:  2011: New Frontier: battle intensifies to win hearts, minds and tech dollars  2010: New Models, Core Systems  2009: Investing in the Future  2008: Opportunity out of turmoil  2007: An industry redefined  2006: Reshuffling the deck  2005: Gradual evolution  2004: Migration down, innovation up  2003: The competition heats up  2002: Capturing the migrating customer LJ Automation Marketplace

The New Frontier…  new phase of competition following a period of research and development that aimed to provide alternatives to libraries, both in back-end automation and end user discovery. A variety of new solutions have emerged, often representing quite different conceptual models. In a continued trend, librarians seek solutions that immediately improve the experiences of their users, especially via discovery products.

Key Context: Libraries in Transition  Shift from Print > Electronic  Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases  Academic libraries seeing long-term declines in print circulation  Need better tools for managing electronic resources  Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections  Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections  Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

Key Context: Library Users in Transition  New generations of library users:  Millennial generation Self sufficient – reluctant to seek assistance Perceive themselves as competent to use information tools without help  Web savvy / Digital natives  Pervasive Web 2.0 concepts /  Inherently collaborative work styles

Key Context: Technologies in transition  XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture  Beyond Web 2.0 Integration of social computing into core infrastructure  Local computing shifting to cloud platforms Application Service Provider offerings standard New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service  Full spectrum of devices full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

Key Text: Changed expectations in metadata management  Moving away from individual record-by-record creation  Life cycle of metadata  Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed  Manage metadata in bulk when possible  E-book collections  Highly shared metadata  E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.  Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data  Very little progress  RDA. Will Library of Congress abandon MARC?

Phase of realignment  Strong need to realign library automation with current library realities  Legacy library systems reinforce workflows no longer in step with library priorities.  Need systems that allow libraries to allocate personnel in proper proportion to collection  Separate automation platforms for print and electronic have not proven successful

Status Quo Sustainable?  ILS for management of (mostly) print  Duplicative financial systems between library and campus  Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS)  OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles  Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)  Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.)  Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections  No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Dynamics of the Library Automation Scene  Evolutionary ILS  Revolutionary ILS  Open source and Proprietary alternatives

Evolutionary path  Gradual enhancement of long-standing ILS platforms  Wrap legacy code in APIs and Web services  SirsiDynix  Unicorn (+Horizon functionality) > Symphony  Innovative  INNOVAQ > INNOPAC > Millennium > Encore  Civica  Urica > Spydus (Urica Integrated Systems, Amalgamated Wireless Australia, McDonnell Douglas Information Systems, Sanderson)

 Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS  Millennium, Symphony, Polaris, Aleph, Voyager  BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se  Traditional Open Source ILS  Evergreen, Koha  Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise- ready)  Ex Libris Alma, OLE Project, Sierra  Cloud-based automation system  WorldCat Local (+circ, acq, license management) Competing Models of Library Automation

Rethinking library automation  Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital = Hybrid libraries  Traditional print-dominant ILS model not adequate for hybrid libraries  Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content  New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS  Working toward a new model of library automation  Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA applications  Comprehensive Resource Management “It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007

Open Systems  Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies  Open source  Open API’s  Demand for Interoperability  Libraries need to do more with their data  Ability to improve customer experience

Benefits of APIs to Libraries  Extensibility  Interoperability  Allows the LMS to connect with other automation components  Create a matrix of interconnected systems rather than isolated silos with redundant data and functionality  LMS maturity means similar levels of functionality  LMS products increasingly differentiated by extent and quality of APIs and interoperability support

Legacy LMS Model Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores

` Legacy ILS Model / API Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores Application Programming Interfaces

Legacy ILS Model / protocol Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH Self-Check Interlibrary Loan System Interlibrary Loan System

Legacy ILS Model / External API Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH External Systems & Services Flexible Interoperability

Legacy ILS Model / Extended Discovery ` API Layer LMS Consolidated index Search Engine Discovery Service Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … JSTOR Other Resources

Consolidated index Search Engine Discovery Service Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Management System Learning Management Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Management Self-Check / Automated Return Authentication Service Smart Cad / Payment systems

LMS as Middleware  LMS provides strategic core of automation  Less involved with end-user contact  Discovery for Web-based collection discovery and user services  Self-service stations for loans and returns  Smart-card and payment systems

Academic Library Issues  Greater concern with electronic resources  Management: Need for consolidated approach that balances print, digital, and electronic workflows  Access: discovery interfaces that maximize the value of investments in electronic content

LMS / Electronic Resource Management Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces ` License Management License Terms E-resource Procurement Vendors E-Journal Titles Protocols: CORE

LMS / Electronic Resource Management Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitions Serials + e-resources Online Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces License manager License Terms Print + Electronic

Public Library Issues  Enhance the experience of library patrons  Management and access to physical resources  Self-service through the Web portal:  View current loans, perform holds, renewals, pay fines and fees  Self-service in the physical library  RFID-based self-issue and returns  Helps the library deploy service personnel for highest impact

From local discovery to Web-scale discovery New models of Library Collection Discovery

Evolution of library collection discovery tools  Bound handwritten catalogs  Card Catalogs  Library online catalogs – OPACs  Next-Gen Catalogs / Discovery interfaces  Social Discovery  Web-scale discovery services  Comprehensive presentation layer services

Bound Catalog National Library of Colombia

Card Catalog National Library of Argentina

Card Catalog National and University Library, Slovenia

Card Catalog

University of Kansas Library

Online Card Catalog Salem International University

Computerized card catalog

Online Catalog Search: Search Results ILS Data

Web-based online catalog

Disjointed approach to information and service delivery  Silos Prevail  Books: Library OPAC (ILS module)  Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections  OpenURL linking services  E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver)  Subject guides (e.g. Springshare LibGuides)  Local digital collections ETDs, photos, rich media collections  Metasearch engines  All searched separately

Federated Search  Simultaneous search of library catalog and selected remote resources of electronic content  Based on live, dynamic queries cast to multiple targets  Limited result sets, slow performance  Search and retrieval protocols: Z39.50, XML gateways

Federated Search Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data

Modernized Interface  Single search box  Query tools  Did you mean  Type-ahead  Relevance ranked results  Faceted navigation  Enhanced visual displays  Cover art  Summaries, reviews,  Recommendation services

Discovery Products

Decoupled from ILS

Discovery Interface Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data Local Index MetaSearch Engine

Endeca

AquaBrowser

VuFind VuFind: Villanova University

Differentiation in Discovery  Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries  Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection  Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

Discovery from Local to Web-scale  Initial products focused on technology  AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind  Mostly locally-installed software  Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery  Summon (Serials Solutions)  WorldCat Local (OCLC)  EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)  Primo Central  Encore with Article Integration

Web-scale Discovery Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data

Web-scale Search + Federated Search Search: Digital Collections ProQuest … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Fed Search Non- harvestable Resources Non- harvestable Resources Interim model to deal with resources not possible to harvest into consolidated index

Web-scale search Competitors  Serials Solutions  Summon  EBSCO Publishing  EBSCO Discovery Service  Ex Libris  Primo Central  OCLC  WorldCat Local

Summon

EBSCO Discovery Service

Primo / Primo Central

Decoupled Discovery?  Decoupled interfaces emerged from broken online catalogs  Poor interfaces, inadequate scope  Inefficient integration between automation and discovery platforms  New wave of more tightly integrated suites:  Alma > Primo  Web-scale Management Services > WorldCat Local  Still possible to decouple, but more effort, worse results

Delivering library services to mobile devices  Increased expectation for access to services through mobile  Library services:  Mobile web  Apps  Transmit library notices through SMS  Carefully select functionality appropriate for mobile

Tablet computing  Tablet computers have been around for a while, but the introduction of Apple’s iPad increases popularity  High-quality device for content consumption  Access to library services and content

NCSU Mobile

Next-Gen Library Catalogs Marshall Breeding Neal-Schuman Publishers March 2010 Volume 1 of The Tech Set

Questions and discussion

Thanks!