Introduction to MEDICAL TERMS This video will help you to: Divide medical words into their component parts. Interpret and construct basic medical terms. Creative Commons By: Giselle Pierre PIDP Assignment 4

Medical Terminology  alma mater - kind mother (a school, college, or university which one has attended)  vice versa - the terms being reversed  ante meridiem (A.M) - before noon Do you know any Greek or Latin?

Word Parts are like Parts of a Puzzle SUFFIX ROOT PREFIX Always start with the SUFFIX- RULE # 1: Read the meaning from right to left

SUFFIX – the word ending ALL medical terms have a SUFFIX ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX Added to the END of a word To change a word’s meaning. helpful

-ac -al : pertaining to -ectomy : surgical removal -emia : blood condition -ia : condition -ist : specialist -itis : inflammation -logy : study of -oma : tumor -pathy : disease -phobia : fear Common suffixes ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX

Example: -logy = (suffix) study bio = (root) life Biology = Study of life ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX

ROOT - the foundation of the term. Terms can have more than one root. Example root s arthr : joint calc : calcium cardi : heart cost : ribs gastr : stomach hepat : liver nat : birth pneumon : air, lung psych : mind nephr; ren : kidney ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX

COMBINING VOWEL Usually the letter ‘o’. It links the root to the suffix. or Links the root to another root. ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX

COMBINING FORM: Combination of the root and the combining vowel Example: The combining form for joint would be arthr/o ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX

RULE #2: Drop the combining vowel before a suffix if the suffix starts with a vowel. Example: gastr/ is the word root for stomach gastr/o is the combining form for stomach -itisthe suffix for inflammation gastritis Yes you got it! Inflammation of the stomach. ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX

RULE #3: Keep the combining vowel between two roots. Example: oste/ is the word root for bone oste/o is the combining form for bone arthr/ is the word root for joint -itis the suffix for inflammation Osteoarthritis Inflammation of bone and joint ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX

PREFIX – the word beginning NOT all medical terms have a PREFIX PREFIX Added to the BEGINNING of a word to change a word’s meaning overjoyed ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX

Common prefixes ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX an- : without, not circum- peri- : around epi- : above; upon pan- : all pre- : before, in front of hyper- : excessive, above normal inter- : between poly- multi- : many, much sub- : under, below tachy- : rapid

Examples: Arthr/itis : Inflammation of a joint Hepat/ic : Pertaining to the liver Nephr/o/logy : Study of the kidneys Circum/ren/al : pertaining to around the kidney Now it is your turn! Have fun constructing some more medical terms using the word parts and following the rules. How many terms you can construct? Try to form at least 5 terms. ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX an- : without, not circum- peri- : around epi- : above; upon pan- : all pre- : before, in front of hyper- : excessive, above normal inter- : between poly- multi- : many, much sub- : under, below tachy- : rapid arthr : joint calc : calcium cardi : heart cost : ribs gastr : stomach hepat : liver nat : birth pneumon : air, lung psych : mind nephr; ren : kidney -ac -al : pertaining to -ectomy : surgical removal -emia : blood condition -ia : condition -ist : specialist -itis : inflammation -logy : study of -oma : tumor -pathy : disease -phobia : fear

How many terms did you construct? 5? 10? Your turn again - define these terms: 1)Gastrectomy 2)Hepatoma 3)Hypercalcemia 4)Polyphobia 5)Subcostal

Answers: 1)Gastrectomy – surgical removal of the stomach 2)Hepatoma – tumor of the liver 3)Hypercalcemia – excessive calcium in the blood 4)Polyphobia – fear of many things 5)Subcostal – pertaining to below the ribs

Don’t be stressed You will pass the test All you have to do Is expand your vocab And all will be fab Remember the rules And all will be cool Put it all together And you will be a master ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX

References Gylys, B. and Wedding, M.E. (2013). Medical Terminology Systems :A Body Systems Approach. F.A. Davis: U.S.A Latin-Phrases.co.uk: the Latin Phrases Dictionary (2005) Retrieved from ROOT PREFIX SUFFIX