Cells, Tissues, Organs and Body Systems Notes for Quiz

Characteristics of Living Things Composed of cells Reproduce Grow Repair themselves Require energy Respond to their environment Die Produce wastes

Microscope Parts: page 356

Microscope Safety Always carry the microscope by the arm and the base. Never use the coarse-adjustment knob in high power (you could damage the lens/slide and it should already be in focus). Always use a dust cover. Be careful with slide (they are made of glass). Store with the low-power objective lens in place. Start with the objective lens as close to the slide as possible and then move up to focus. Use 2 hands to focus.

Cell Structures: Animals Nucleus: the control centre Chromosomes: carry genetic information Cell Membrane: controls what goes in and out of the cell Cytoplasm: allows materials to be transported quickly and stored Vacuole: stores water and nutrients Flagellum: a whip-like tail that allows some cells to move Cilia: tiny hairs that can move some cells or the surrounding environment

Cell Structures: Plants Plant cells have all the same structures as animal cells plus: Vacuole: the vacuole is much larger in plant cells Cell Wall: supports and protects the plant cell Chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll and allow the plant cell to make it’s own food SEE DIAGRAMS ON PAGE 20 AND 21

Organelles Mitochondria: provide cells with energy through respiration Ribosomes: Proteins (needed for growth, repair and reproduction) are put together on endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum: carry materials through the cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus: stores protein molecules Lysosomes: Breaks down large molecules and destroys damaged or worn-out cells SEE DIAGRAMS ON PAGE 26 AND 27

Diffusion Cell membranes are selectively permeable (they allow some things to enter or leave but not others). Diffusion: the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Substances that a cell uses up (nutrients) will be low inside the cell so they will diffuse INTO the cell. Waste products tend to be more concentrated inside the cell so they will diffuse OUT of the cell.

Osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane (like the cell membrane) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

HOMEWORK (we will do this in class) Page # 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 17, 25a Due next class for reviewing Don’t fret!! They are mostly multiple choice/fill in the blank questions.