End Show Slide 1 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae and bacteria*. Cellular Respiration occurs in all eukaryotes! An anaerobic bacterium is not likely to carry out respiration

End Show Slide 2 of Chemical Pathways Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Chemical Pathways Food serves as a source of raw materials for the cells in the body and as a source of energy. Animal Plant Animal Cells Plant Cells Mitochondrion

End Show Slide 3 of Chemical Pathways Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Both plant and animal cells carry out the final stages of cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Animal Cells Plant Cells Mitochondrion Outer membrane Intermembrane space Inner membrane Matrix

End Show 9-1 Chemical Pathways Slide 4 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Overview of Cellular Respiration What is cellular respiration? –the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Three main stages: –Glycolysis –Cellular Respiration - Krebs Cycle –Cellular Respiration - Electron Transport Chain Remember the Linkin Park video on Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration? Or an OK version of Black Eyed Peas

End Show Slide 5 of Chemical Pathways Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Overview of Cellular Respiration The equation for cellular respiration is: 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + Energy

End Show Slide 6 of Chemical Pathways Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvic Acid NADH H 2 O If no O 2 is present, fermentation occurs (lactic acid for animals, alcoholic for plants)

End Show Slide 7 of Chemical Pathways Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Overview of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle and electron transport take place in the mitochondria. Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvic Acid NADH H 2 O

End Show 9-1 Chemical Pathways Slide 8 of 39 Glycolysis What is the product of glycolysis? –Pyruvic acid, NADH, ATP What happens after glycolysis? –Cellular Respiration If oxygen is present (aerobic) –Fermentation If oxygen is not present (anaerobic) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 9 of Chemical Pathways Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Yeasts…wine, beer, bread dough Yeasts form ethyl alcohol and CO 2 as wastes. The equation: pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO 2 + NAD + (NAD+ is regenerated so it can be used again in glycolysis)

End Show Slide 10 of Chemical Pathways Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation pathway…burning sensation in muscles –When the body cannot supply enough O 2 for the aerobic pathway…burning sensation in muscles –Bacteria (microorganisms) produce cheese, yogurt, sour cream, pickles, sauerkraut –The equation: pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD +

End Show Slide 11 of Chemical Pathways Cellular Respiration (Reviewed) Processes from 1 glucose molecule: Glycolysis  2 ATP Cellular Respiration (Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport)  + 34 ATP Respiration  36 ATP (compared to only 2 ATP in the anaerobic pathway, Fermentation) You recover 38 % of the energy in each glucose molecule. The rest is lost as heat energy. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

End Show Slide 12 of Chemical Pathways Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Glycolysis The Advantages of Glycolysis So fast that cells can produce thousands of ATP molecules in a few milliseconds. Glycolysis does not require oxygen.

End Show Slide 13 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 The raw materials required for cellular respiration are a.carbon dioxide and oxygen. b.glucose and water. c.glucose and oxygen. d.carbon dioxide and water.

End Show Slide 14 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Glycolysis occurs in the a.mitochondria. b.cytoplasm. c.nucleus. d.chloroplasts.

End Show Slide 15 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 The net gain of ATP molecules after glycolysis is a.3 ATP molecules. b.2 ATP molecules. c.3 pyruvic acid molecules. d.4 pyruvic acid molecules

End Show Slide 16 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 Fermentation releases energy from food molecules in the absence of a.oxygen. b.glucose. c.NADH. d.alcohol.

End Show Slide 17 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 9-1 The first step in fermentation is always a.lactic acid production. b.the Krebs cycle. c.glycolysis. d.alcohol production.

End Show Slide 18 of 39 Ideas to study for quiz: –Powerpoint slides –Organize Respiration Table (totals) –Section 9.1 Review WS –Lap book guide Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall