September 25 Agenda Attendance Biomolecules and enzymes QUIZ Notes over cell types, structures and functions Quiz next class over cell structures and functions and comparing contrasting prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Cell Type, Structure, & Function Bio.4 - Biology Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that perform specific functions and that viruses are different from cells

What are the characteristics of life? Characteristics of life: Made of cells Use energy - metabolism Reproduce Respond to stimulus Change over time - grow Movement of materials

How do we define life? Cell Theory All living organisms are composed of cells Cells are the smallest structures that perform the functions of life All cells come from preexisting cells Theory Statements that explain a phenomenon; repeatedly tested, widely accepted, and used to make predictions.

What do all cells have in common? All cells have common structures Cell membrane Ribosome Cytoplasm Cells contain DNA Cells are basic unit of life

Make a three column chart. (Title of slide) ProkaryotesEukaryotes Two types of cellsProkaryotes Eukaryotes Cell History Cell size

Two Cell Types Prokaryotic “pro” – before “karyo” – kernel, nucleus a cell type before the evolution of a nucleus Eukaryotic “eu” – true cell with a true nucleus

Cell History Prokaryotic Ancient cells Evolved 3.5 bya Eukaryotic Modern cells Evolved 1.4 bya Stromatolites, ancient bacterial formations

Cell Size Prokaryotic Smaller cells 1 to 10 µm Eukaryotic Larger cells 10 to 100 µm

Cell Size Comparison

Cell Organization Prokaryotic Simple cells with all parts in “one room” Eukaryotic Complex cells with many compartments

Location of DNA Prokaryotic DNA is loose in the cytoplasm (no nucleus) Eukaryotic DNA is protected in the nucleus

Presence of Organelles Prokaryotic Ribosomes only Eukaryotic Many, membrane - bound organelles

Type of Organisms Prokaryotic Bacteria only! Eukaryotic Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists

Prokaryotes: Bacteria

Size of Organisms Prokaryotic Always unicellular (single cell) Bacteria are cell size: 1 to 10 µm Eukaryotic Mostly multicellular (more than one cell) Range from cell size (10µm) to the size of a sequoia tree (83 m)

Cell Structures and Functions Animal Cell

Viruses Viruses are not considered living because: i. they are not made of cells and ii.need a host cell to reproduce Viruses are much smaller than cells Viruses and cells both contain DNA

Cell Type, Structure, & Function Bio.4 - Biology Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that perform specific functions and that viruses are different from cells

Structure & Function

What is structure? A structure is a physical part, or a description of how something is built.

What is function? A function is a job, a purpose, or a process that needs to be done.

What are organelles? An organelle is a “mini organ” inside a eukaryotic cell that carries out a specific function.

Cell Membrane Lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell Embedded proteins control what materials enter and leave the cell.

Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid inside the cell membrane Supports and holds all the organelles

Ribosomes Where proteins are assembled Translate genes into proteins

Cell Wall Support, strength, and protection Found outside plasma membrane Plant Cell Wall  Bacteria Cell Wall

Flagella/Cilia Extensions of the plasma membrane that allow for movement Bacteria with many flagella

Nucleus Membrane bound area where chromosomes are found Holds the DNA, or genetic information

Nucleolus Dense region found in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made

Mitochondria Produces ATP (energy) for the cell during cellular respiration Composed of inner and outer membrane

Chloroplasts Contains chlorophyll Site of photosynthesis reactions

Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranous stacks with rough and smooth sections Participates in protein synthesis and membrane synthesis

Golgi Apparatus Modifies and packages proteins for secretion by budding of vesicles

Lysosomes Contains enzymes that break down cell wastes and foods Recycle old cell parts Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes 

Vacuole Stores water and pigments in plant cells

Centrioles Used to organize chromosomes during cell division using spindle fibers.

Cells Make Proteins

Cell Type, Structure, & Function Bio.4 - Biology Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that perform specific functions and that viruses are different from cells