Cell Structure and Function: Plants and Animals

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE EITHER: 1.Prokaryotic 2.Eukaryotic

NO NUCLEUS HAS cell membrane and dna BACTERIA NUCLEUS HaS cell membrane and dna Way more advanced Organelles Plants, animal, fungi, protists PROKARYOTES VS EUKARYOTES

Prokaryotes (bacteria) Have DNA, but no nucleus No organelles either

EUKARYOTES Advanced and organized (like a factory) Organelles, like, do stuff and stuff Each one has a job that help the cell function and respond to its environment

EUKARYOTES: Animal and Plant Cells Living cells, with cell membranes, cytoplasm, nuclei (DNA), and organelles ANIMAL PLANT

ANIMALPLANT Tons of MITOCHONDRIA Small Vacuoles No Chloroplasts No Cell Wall RESPIRATION always Less mitochondria One massive VACUOLE Chloroplasts Cell Wall PHOTOSYNTHESIS (mostly, some respiration)

ANIMAL CELL NO CELL WALL SMALL VACUOLES MANY MITOCHONDRIA NO CHLOROPLASTS ONLY RESPIRATION

PLANT CELL CELL WALL ONE HUGE VACUOLE FEWER MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLASTS Photosynthesis (mostly) RESPIRATION SOMETIMES

PARTS OF THE CELL

Who’s the boss? Contains cell’s DNA “Chromosomes” (thread like, contains genetic information) The nucleus acts like the brain. NUCLEUS

Cytoplasm If the cell was chicken noodle soup, the cytoplasm would be the broth. Inside the cell membrane Surrounds everything Gooey kinda

Cell Membrane Holds the cell together Regulates what goes in and out (it’s “selective”) Like hall monitors or a bouncer at a club, they decide who goes in and who comes out

Who makes proteins? Put the “rough” in Rough ER Synthesize Proteins Cells responsible for protein synthesis are packed with ribosomes Take orders from the “boss” (nucleus) RIBOSOMES

Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER (no ribosomes) Rough ER (ribosomes) Rough ER:The proteins are assembled before they are shipped out of the cell. Smooth ER: Assembles other things, like lipids or enzymes

Who functions like the post office? Modifies, packages, and sorts stuff from the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Apparatus

Who stores things like your locker at school? Storage units for things like water, salts, proteins, and carbs Plants have one big one It’s size and pressure support big heavy leaves. VACUOLES

All cells need a source of energy… Plants get it from… The Sun (photosynthesis) Animals get it from… Food molecules (cellular respiration)

Who makes animal energy? “Mighty” Break down and convert the food into energy for the cell Are present in plant cells too, but not in high numbers MITOCHONDRIA

Capture energy from the sun Convert it to chemical energy Photosynthesis CHLOROPLASTS Who makes plant energy?

Organize cell division CENTRIOLES

The End Eukaryote