p. 345-350 Imperialism

Objectives Explain the different forms of colonial control Trace British rule in Nigeria Summarize African resistance movements Analyze the impact of colonial rule in Africa

A New Period of Imperialism Forms of Control Form Definition Example Colony A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power Somaliland in East Africa was a French Colony Protectorate A country or a territory with its own internal government, but under the control of an outside power Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River Delta Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States Economic Imperialism An Independent, but less-developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii

A New Period of Imperialism Methods of Management Indirect Control Local government officials used Limited self-rule Goal: to develop future leaders Government institutions are based on European styles, but may have local rules Examples: British colonies, such as Nigeria, India, & Burma U.S. Territories/Colonies on Pacific islands

A New Period of Imperialism Methods of Management (cont.) Direct Control Foreign officials brought in to rule No self-rule Goal: assimilation – local populations would adapt French culture and become like the French Government institutions are based only on European styles Examples: French colonies, such as Vietnam German colonies, such as German East Africa

Which has more freedom, a colony or a protectorate? Why? _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

Which has more freedom, a colony or a protectorate? Why? Protectorate – has its own government under foreign control

How might assimilation be considered less harsh than paternalism? Assimilation does not deny peoples’ rights to practice their own culture A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs, but not giving them rights

How might assimilation be considered less harsh than paternalism? Assimilation does not deny peoples’ rights to practice their own culture A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs, but not giving them rights

Case Study: Nigeria 250 different ethnic groups Indirect Rule Gaining Control Managing the Colony Both through diplomatic and military means Royal Niger Company Force was used to put down rebellions In 1914 Britain claims all of Niger as a colony 250 different ethnic groups Hausa-Fulani North – Muslim Yoruba Southwest – traditional religions Igbo Southeast – traditional religions Indirect Rule

Which of Nigeria’s 3 main ethnic groups would have been most likely to unite? The Igbo and Yoruba, since they shared both religious and style of government.

Which of Nigeria’s 3 main ethnic groups would have been most likely to unite? The Igbo and Yoruba, since they shared both religious and style of government.

Worse – local officials probably would have resisted Do you think direct rule would have worked better or worse than indirect rule with the Hausa-Fulani? Worse – local officials probably would have resisted

Worse – local officials probably would have resisted Do you think direct rule would have worked better or worse than indirect rule with the Hausa-Fulani? Worse – local officials probably would have resisted

African Resistance Active Resistance Passive Resistance German East Africa (Tanzania) Refused to plant cotton, rather than their own food crops Maji-Maji Rebellion Believed sprinkling of magic water would turn German bullets into water Ancestors would return to life and aid them 75,000 resistance fighters killed African Resistance Unsuccessful Movements Active Resistance Algeria 50 year movement vs French West Africa Samori Touré – 16 fight with a modernized army vs French

African Resistance Battle of Adowa Menelik II Italians vs Ethiopians Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance Menelik II Emperor of Ethiopia Played the Italians, French, and British off each other Built up a large arsenal of modern weapon a collection of weapons and military equipment stored by a country, person, or group Battle of Adowa Italians vs Ethiopians Ethiopians defeat the Italians and maintain their independence Continue to stockpile modern weapons

They were fighting to retain their own land and way of life Why do you think Africans resisted imperialism despite the superiority of European military technology? They were fighting to retain their own land and way of life

They were fighting to retain their own land and way of life Why do you think Africans resisted imperialism despite the superiority of European military technology? They were fighting to retain their own land and way of life

What strategy allowed Ethiopia to resist European dominance? Pitting the European powers against each other

What strategy allowed Ethiopia to resist European dominance? Pitting the European powers against each other

The Legacy of Colonial Rule Negative Effects Positive Effects Land Lost control of their land Death Many, many died of diseases and in resistance to Europeans Famines Resulted from the change to cash crops Culture Contempt for the traditional culture Admiration of European life Undermining of stable society Warfare Less local warfare Aid Humanitarian aid help improve sanitation and provide hospitals and school Lifespan Improvement in life expectancy and literacy rates Economic Growth Railroads, dams, telephone, and telegraph lines built