Distillation Definition: a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction.

Distillation is used to separate and isolate liquids in a mixture. It is a one time process per sample. Proper separation depends on 1.rate of heating of mixture 2.adequate cooling of condensate 3.similarity of component b.p.’s Acetone 56 o C Ethanol 78 o C Water 100 o C Substance BP

Crude oil is a combination of various length hydrocarbons. It is composed of the following “families”: Component % Smalls (1-4C) 10 Gasoline (5-12C) 40 Kerosene (12-16C) 10 Fuel Oil (15-22C) 30 Lubricants, (19-30C) 10 PJ, Asphalt

Fractional Distillation The oil industry uses the process of fractional distillation to separate the components in “crude oil.” Is a continuous process with constant feeding and removal of distillate.

Barrel of Oil = 55 gallons Price Jan 2004 = $30 Price July 2008 = $147 Price Oct 2008 = $90 Price Oct 2009 = $73 Price Oct 2010 = $85 Gasoline demand exceeds its natural supply

World Oil Consumption Current consumption = 1000 bbls/ sec

Cracking Process Definition: Using heat and catalysts to break larger chain hydrocarbons down into smaller, more useful ones. Diesel / Home heating fuel Heat + Catalyst Gasoline

Paints Adhesives Detergents Rubber Medicines Plastics Polyesters (textiles) Often synthesize polymers from monomers (ORGANIC) + phenol formaldehyde polymer