New Right Populist Parties New kids on the block?

New Political Science Curriculum Information Meeting 1:00-1:50pm Wednesday, April 1 Room SN-2105 For returning Political Science Honours, Majors and Minors Topics Course renumbering New courses New requirements New prerequisite policy "Grandfathered" status Sample course patterns Questions and answers

The Dept, of Political Science & the Faculty of Arts present Dr. Mike Hannahan, University of Massachusetts HOW MUCH DIFFERENCE CAN ONE PERSON MAKE? EXPECTATIONS OF THE OBAMA PRESIDENCY WED. MARCH 18th 7:00 PM SN-2109

Also: Change will come but will change last? The American Party System after Obama Dr. Mike Hannahan Director of the Civil Initiative Project and Member, Department of Political Science University of Massachusetts at Amherst Thursday, March 19, :30 -4:45pm SN2033

Sources of change Entry of new voters & new generations Entry of new voters & new generations Value change Value change Voters raised in affluence pursue different goals than those who came of age in the depression or war Voters raised in affluence pursue different goals than those who came of age in the depression or war Changes in cleavage structure Changes in cleavage structure New parties, if they can make themselves heard, can reset agendas New parties, if they can make themselves heard, can reset agendas Especially true of new right populist parties Especially true of new right populist parties

New Right Populist Parties A family of parties which have cropped up on the right of the political spectrum A family of parties which have cropped up on the right of the political spectrum Different from the old extreme right Different from the old extreme right Not necessarily opposed to liberal democracy Not necessarily opposed to liberal democracy Anti-establishment, anti-EU, anti- immigrant – in many respects, anti- parties. Anti-establishment, anti-EU, anti- immigrant – in many respects, anti- parties.

The old right Divided between: economically liberal & conservative parties & some Christian Democratic parties economically liberal & conservative parties & some Christian Democratic partiesAnd Extreme right Extreme right typically anti-democratic, racist typically anti-democratic, racist Examples: Fascist parties, monarchist parties in France… Examples: Fascist parties, monarchist parties in France…

Extreme right: Strong in pre-world war I and interwar periods Strong in pre-world war I and interwar periods Miniscule strength in postwar period Miniscule strength in postwar period Authoritarianism discredited Authoritarianism discredited Parties marginalized, although some continue Parties marginalized, although some continue Examples: Examples: MSI, Italian Social Movement (Fascist) MSI, Italian Social Movement (Fascist) NPD in Germany NPD in Germany FN (Front Nationale) in France FN (Front Nationale) in France

Postwar manifestations Poujadism (France, 1956) Poujadism (France, 1956) Flash party; Flash party; Shopkeepers’ party Shopkeepers’ party Protest party Protest party Farmers Party (BP) Netherlands, 1960s Farmers Party (BP) Netherlands, 1960s Progress Party (Denmark), Progress Party (Denmark), Mogens Glistrup, 1970s Mogens Glistrup, 1970s Anders Lange Party (Norway, 1970s) Anders Lange Party (Norway, 1970s) Later Progress Party Later Progress Party

1980s & beyond Resurgent support for older & newer parties: Front Nationale Front Nationale FN wins 10%-15% in presidential elections FN wins 10%-15% in presidential elections 2002 Presidential election: Le Pen in runoff Presidential election: Le Pen in runoff. Freedom Party (FPÖ) in Austria – from nothing to ~25% of the popular vote Freedom Party (FPÖ) in Austria – from nothing to ~25% of the popular vote Lega Nord (Northern Leagues) in Italy Lega Nord (Northern Leagues) in Italy Danish People’s Party Danish People’s Party New Democracy (Sweden) New Democracy (Sweden) Repubblikanner (Germany) Repubblikanner (Germany) List Pim Fortuyn (LPF) in the Netherlands List Pim Fortuyn (LPF) in the Netherlands Freedom Party (PVV) in the Netherlands Freedom Party (PVV) in the Netherlands

Common threads: Anti-European Union Anti-European Union Anti-immigrant Anti-immigrant Anti-establishment Anti-establishment Populist in style – leader-centred politics, emphasis on leader who can fix things Populist in style – leader-centred politics, emphasis on leader who can fix things

Positions Anti… Anti… Often (but not always) prefer more market & less state intervention in economic life Often (but not always) prefer more market & less state intervention in economic life But, prefer stronger state administration of justice: stricter law enforcement, harsher penalties. But, prefer stronger state administration of justice: stricter law enforcement, harsher penalties.

Attitudes toward liberal democracy Few parties overtly anti-democratic Few parties overtly anti-democratic If they are, they are unwilling to say so If they are, they are unwilling to say so Examples: Examples: FPÖ (Austria) FPÖ (Austria) FN (France) FN (France)

Anti-establishment Opposition to established elites Common theme: failure to listen to people like us Common theme: failure to listen to people like us Finds expression in Finds expression in Use of coarse language (Bossi, Lega Nord) Use of coarse language (Bossi, Lega Nord) Demagoguery (Le Pen, FN) Demagoguery (Le Pen, FN) I can fix that (Pim Fortuyn, LPF), although LPF not necessarily right I can fix that (Pim Fortuyn, LPF), although LPF not necessarily right

Explaining the new right: Reaction to cartelization and/or consensus democracy? Reaction to cartelization and/or consensus democracy? Mobilization of grievances? Mobilization of grievances? Representation of issues or concerns not adequately articulated by other parties? Representation of issues or concerns not adequately articulated by other parties? Pathology? Pathology?

Rise and Fall of the LPF Consensus democracy: the purple coalition (PvdA + D66 + VVD) Consensus democracy: the purple coalition (PvdA + D66 + VVD) Livable Netherlands (LN) Livable Netherlands (LN) The rise of the List Pim Fortuyn (LPF) The rise of the List Pim Fortuyn (LPF) Pim Fortuyn Pim Fortuyn Acerbic critic Acerbic critic Unlikely or likely populist? Unlikely or likely populist? After the assassination: After the assassination: Enters gov’t & dissipates Enters gov’t & dissipates Replaced by Geert Wilders & Freedom Party (PVV) Replaced by Geert Wilders & Freedom Party (PVV) Also TON (Proud of the Netherlands), led by Rita Verdonk Also TON (Proud of the Netherlands), led by Rita Verdonk 2005 rejection of EU constitutional treaty 2005 rejection of EU constitutional treaty

Successes and failures Electoral breakthrough in several countries, but not always right away, and not necessarily sustained Electoral breakthrough in several countries, but not always right away, and not necessarily sustained Difficulty in sustaining participation in government Difficulty in sustaining participation in government Haidar & FPÖ Haidar & FPÖ List Pim Fortuyn List Pim Fortuyn But, impact on other parties But, impact on other parties Cf. VVD in Netherlands Cf. VVD in Netherlands Impact on voters: Impact on voters: Parties reshape cleavages & reshape bounds of acceptable choice Parties reshape cleavages & reshape bounds of acceptable choice Demonstration effects, internally & externally Demonstration effects, internally & externally