UNIT 1 – GREECE AND ROME

Classical Greece 2000 B.C.–300 B.C. SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea Warring City-States Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age Alexander’s Empire The Spread of the Hellenistic Culture SECTION 5

DEMOCRACY & GREECE’S GOLDEN AGE CHAPTER 5 SECTION 3 Democratic principles and classical culture flourish during Greece’s golden age

 Pericles as Leader o Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general o Dominates life in Athens from 461 to 429 B.C.  Stronger Democracy o hires more paid public officials o Direct democracy — citizens rule directly, no representatives HOW WOULD PAYING GOVT. OFFICIALS HELP COMMON CITIZENS?

ATHENIAN EMPIRE  Manipulation o Takes over Delian League; uses money to strengthen Athenian fleet o Sparta and other cities resent Athenian power  Glorifying Athens o Pericles uses Delian League money to buy gold, ivory, marble; strengthen the army and hires artisans to beautify Athens Deconstructing the Acropolis: nt-history/ancient- greece/videos/deconstructing-history- the- acropolis?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefi ned&f=1&free=false nt-history/ancient- greece/videos/deconstructing-history- the- acropolis?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefi ned&f=1&free=false

GLORIOUS ART  Architecture and Sculpture o Pericles builds the Parthenon — temple to honor goddess Athena o Within temple, sculptor Phidias crafts 30-foot statue of Athena o Sculptors create graceful, strong, perfectly formed figures o Classical art — values balance, proportion, beauty

WHAT DO THESE MEAN?

DRAMA  Tragedy and Comedy o Greeks invent drama as an art form; includes chorus, dance, poetry – build 1 st theatres in west  Two forms of drama: tragedy and comedy o Tragedy — tells story of heroes’ downfall; themes of love, hate, war o Comedy — makes fun of politics; slapstick humor  History o Historians Herodotus and Thucydides record and study past events

THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR  The War Begins o 431 B.C. city-states Sparta and Athens at war o Sparta has better army, Athens has better navy o Plague strikes Athens in 430 B.C., kills many — including Pericles o Sparta and Athens sign truce in 421 B.C.  Sparta Gains Victory o 415 B.C. Athens renews war, attacks Syracruse; is defeated in 413 B.C. o Athens surrenders to Sparta in 404 B.C.

 Rise of Great Philosophers o After the war, rise of philosophers — thinkers, "lovers of wisdom" o Believe universe is subject to absolute and unchanging laws understood through reason o Sophist philosopher Protagoras questions the existence of Greek gods  Socrates o Socrates — believes in questioning self & values o He criticized the sophists o Convicted of corrupting youth; sentenced to death in 399 B.C.

PHILOSOPHY (cont.)  Plato  student of Socrates; writes The Republic — an ideal society  In 387 B.C., establishes Athens school, the Academy; lasts 900 years  His writings dominate European philosophy for 1,500 years  Aristotle  student of Plato; uses rules of logic for argument  His work provides the basis for scientific method, still used today  Tutors 13-year-old prince who becomes Alexander the Great

 During the Peloponnesian War, more than one- third of the Athenians, including Pericles, died from a. A devastating fire b. Starvation c. Battle wounds d. Disease  This Greek philosopher was known for corrupting the youth and received a death sentence A. Confucius B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Socrates

 During the Peloponnesian War, more than one- third of the Athenians, including Pericles, died from a. A devastating fire b. Starvation c. Battle wounds d. Disease  This Greek philosopher was known for corrupting the youth and received a death sentence A. Confucius B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Socrates

The lasting legacy of the Greeks and Athens? DEMOCRACY