What is matter?

Notes

Volume of an Irregular Object The volume of an irregular object can be found by measuring displaced water in a graduated cylinder. The volume of an irregular object can be found by measuring displaced water in a graduated cylinder.

Physical Properties Ways to physically describe matter: density density physical state (solid, liquid or gas at certain temperatures and pressures) physical state (solid, liquid or gas at certain temperatures and pressures) color color odor odor solubility in water (the ability of substance to dissolve in water) solubility in water (the ability of substance to dissolve in water)

melting point melting point boiling point boiling point hardness hardness malleability malleability conductivity conductivity Some more examples of physical properties are:

Chemical Property A chemical property describes an object/substances’ ability to change into something new. A chemical property describes an object/substances’ ability to change into something new. FLAMMABILITY FLAMMABILITY REACTIVITY REACTIVITY

Some examples of chemical properties are: paper burns paper burns iron rusts iron rusts gold does not rust gold does not rust wood rots wood rots nitrogen does not burn nitrogen does not burn silver does not react with water silver does not react with water sodium reacts with water sodium reacts with water

In each of these, the substance's chemical property is its tendency to: react react tarnish tarnish corrode corrode explode explode

Physical vs. Chemical Properties Wood Physical Property: Grainy texture Chemical Property: Flammable

Baking Soda Physical Property: Physical Property: White powder Chemical Property: Chemical Property: Reacts with vinegar to produce bubbles

Physical vs. Chemical Properties Iron Physical Property: Physical Property: Malleable (able to be shaped) Chemical Property: Chemical Property: Reacts with oxygen to form rust

Physical and Chemical Changes Same or Different

Physical Change Changes Changes only the physical property property of the substance An An example of a physical change occurs when making a baseball bat. Wood is carefully crafted into a shape which will allow a batter to best apply force on the ball. Even though the wood has changed shape and therefore physical properties, the chemical nature of the wood has not been altered. The bat and the original piece of wood are still the same chemical substance.

The material itself is the same before and after the change. The change CAN be “undone.” Ice melting: an example of physical change Ice melting: an example of physical change Ice melting: an example of physical change

Chemical Change Occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely NEW substances Occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely NEW substances They have different properties from the original substance They have different properties from the original substance Some signs (or evidence) of chemical change are: Some signs (or evidence) of chemical change are: a gas is produced, a gas is produced, the temperature changes, the temperature changes, a substance disappears, a substance disappears, a solid is formed a solid is formed a color change occurs, a color change occurs, a new odor is produced. a new odor is produced.

Examples of Physical and Chemical Changes Physical ChangesChemical Changes Aluminum foil is cut in half.Milk goes sour. Clay is molded into a new shape.Jewelry tarnishes. Butter melts on warm toast.Toast is burnt Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean.Rust forms on a nail left outside. A juice box in the freezer freezes.Gasoline is ignited. Rubbing alcohol evaporates on your hand.Hydrogen peroxide bubbles in a cut. A stick is broke in two. Food scraps are turned into compost in a compost pile. A window is shattered.A match is lit. A car is wrecked You take an antacid to settle your stomach. Hair is cutYour body digests food.

Summing it Up Physical Change: Physical Change: The matter is the same. The matter is the same. The original matter can be recovered. The original matter can be recovered. The particles of the substance are rearranged. The particles of the substance are rearranged. Chemical Change: Chemical Change: The matter is different. The matter is different. The old matter is no longer present. The old matter is no longer present. The original matter cannot be recovered. The original matter cannot be recovered.

Physical or Chemical Change? How do you know?

Physical or Chemical Change? Burnt Toast

Physical or Chemical Change? Chemical the process cannot be undone the toast it burnt

Physical or Chemical Change? Vinegar and Baking Soda

Physical or Chemical Change? Chemical the process cannot be undone A gas is produced

Physical or Chemical Change? Ice Melting

Physical or Chemical Change? Physical the process can be undone hasn’t changed the chemicals still H 2 O

Physical or Chemical Change? Glowsticks

Physical or Chemical Change? Chemical the process cannot be undone energy is given off in the form of light

Physical or Chemical Change? Bleach on Construction Paper

Physical or Chemical Change? Chemical the process cannot be undone a substance disappears (color) color change occurs

Physical or Chemical Change? Apples turn brown

Physical or Chemical Change? Chemical the process cannot be undone color change occurs

Physical or Chemical Change? Alka-Seltzer and Water

Physical or Chemical Change? Chemical the process cannot be undone a gas is produced a substance disappears

Physical or Chemical Change? Tarnished Penny

Physical or Chemical Change? Chemical the process cannot be undone a color change occurs

Physical or Chemical Change? Broken Pencil

Physical or Chemical Change? Physical the process can be undone hasn’t changed the chemicals

Physical or Chemical Change? Burned Paper

Physical or Chemical Change? Chemical the process cannot be undone a substance has disappeared a gas is produced a color change occurs

Physical or Chemical Change? Burning Candle

Physical or Chemical Change? Chemical the process cannot be undone a substance has disappeared heat is produced a color change occurs

Physical or Chemical Change? Torn Paper

Physical or Chemical Change? Physical the process can be undone hasn’t changed the chemicals