PACS 2500 Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies Guy Burgess Co-Director Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado UCB 580, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO , (303) Copyright © 2014 Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess

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Stop Fighting

Think About a Fight  Parents?  Roommates?  Siblings?  Teachers?  Community?

A.Hold your ground? Fight back and protect your interests? B.Overstate your case, so you have something to back down to later? C.Give in so as not to "make waves"? D.Take a "time out" to allow things to cool down? E.End the relationship (because if you fight like this over and over, it isn't worth the misery)? When you find yourself in a hole, stop digging!

A.Stand up for yourself and make sure the other person knows you won't tolerate disrespect from him or her? B.Apologize for statements said in anger that you didn't really mean, and try again to respectfully explain what you DID mean? C.Politely tell the other person how their attacks made you feel? D.Forgive and forget -- and move on?

A.Say it again, because the other person probably just wasn't listening or didn't understand? B.Listen to what the other person has to say first, and then respond? C.Talk about yourself -- don't talk about them? D.Talk around the problem -- don't focus on it directly? That’s too inflammatory.

A.Base the plan on agreed-to principles of fairness and justice? B.Agree to talk whenever someone is upset and come up with a collaborative solution? C.Agree that one person will be the "authority figure", though that person will listen to the other person's arguments and complaints? D.Agree to negotiate everything?

A.Try to convince your partner to do what you want? (You need to stand up for yourself.) B.Agree with your partner and do what he/she wants? (It’s not worth the fight.) C.Try to find out what your partner's underlying interests are (Why does he/she take the position that she does?) D.Try to trade off with your partner? (You do what he/she does sometimes and he/she does what you want other times.)

A.Avoid talking about the issue? B.Try to collect more facts so that you can persuade the other person that you are right? C.Try to get someone else to help you resolve the problem? D.Agree to disagree, but work to understand the other side?

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Right vs. Wrong Moral (Culture-based) Conflict

Unless Viewed from the Right Angle

Culture Matters It’s about much more than tastes in food!

Culture and Conflict

Finger Jestures

Soles of Your Shoes

Japanese Business Cards

CAOCL

War and Anthropology h.org/2009/12/01/huma n-terrain-systems- anthropologists-and-the- war-in-afghanistan/

Cross-Cultural Conflict Stories In your travels (and in your community) what cultural misunderstandings have you encountered? Of these, which one's had the potential to cause or contribute to serious conflict? How did you handle the situation? How should you have handled the situation?

Cultural Differences Within group differences Between group differences Within group differences

Nature Vs. Nurture Culture vs. Personality

Culture High Context - uses implied meanings which arise from the setting Low Context - focuses on literal meanings of words, independent of setting Note: this distinction does not describe a dichotomy, but rather poles on a continuum.

Kurt Lewin Resolving Social Conflicts Americans Europeans "There is nothing so practical as a good theory"

Culture Inner-directed cultures see virtue in individual achievements, whereas Outer-directed cultures see virtue in relationships and process Tradition-direct cultures see virtue in the way that things have always been done

Fate and Personal Responsibility Personal responsibility Extent to which we feel ourselves to be the masters of our lives Fate Extent to which we see ourselves as subject to things outside our control

Perception of Time and Space Monochronic Linear quantitative time, most common in the northern and western hemispheres -- “time is money” Polychronic Cyclical time w/ unraveling and unlimited continuity, most common in southern and eastern hemispheres Space Differences in comfortable distance between people

Culture Collectivists see group allegiances most important Individualists see themselves as separate individuals What is the fundamental social unit?

Collectivist vs. Individualist Republicans Collective Military traditions National interests / patriotism Individualistic Free market Freedom Democrats Collective “It takes a village” “Socialized ___________” Individualistic Civil rights

Culture Some values that vary cross-culturally concern: Power – its appropriate distribution and source Achievement – what it consists of Hedonism (Fun) – what it is and how important it is Stimulation – what its acceptable forms are Self-direction – degree to which this is possible and desirable

Culture Other values that vary cross-culturally include: Universalism/Particularism – degree to which things are seen as connected/seperated Benevolence – its importance Traditions – what they are and their importance Confirmation – its importance and sanctions to enforce it Security – the forms it takes

Our Big Culture Conflict Liberals Vs. Conservatives

Unfettered Competition? Pro- Anti-Government A “Winner Take All” Culture?

Strict Father / Nurturing Mother George Lakoff Moral Politics Google Books Link

W.F. Ogburn / Cultural Lag Traditionalists Vs. First / New Adopters

Moral Clarity? Right or Wrong Right or Wrong Family structures, gender roles, sexual orientation National security, friends and enemies Distribution of wealth, acceptable business practices

Authoritarianism & Polarization Time-outs - Democratic Spanking - Republican

Kristof – Politics in Our Head?

Different Ways of Thinking  Liberals  Analytic thinkers  Conservatives  Holistic/intuitive thinkers

Science versus religion

Is Science/Secular Humanism a Religion? Prescriptions for behavior Why things happen Origins explanations

Logos vs. Mythos

Leadership? I don't belong to any organized political party, I'm a Democrat.“ – Will Rogers

Democratic vs. Republican Media Talk Radio Rush Limbaugh Social Networking Move On

The Big Conflict: Role of Government Is government the solution or the problem?

Not Resource but Pollution Limits

The Ultimate PACS Challenge

Free Markets Ayn Rand Alan Greenspan Anti-Government

Adam Smith The Invisible Hand Creative Destruction Anti-Government

 Ronald Reagan  Grover Norquist Scapegoating Government “Government Is the Problem Not the Solution”

Excuses vs. Reasons Privatizing Profits Upside profits go to highly leveraged investors Socializing Risks Downside loses go to taxpayers with bailouts Corporate Welfare Government Bailout & “Moral Hazard”

Trust in Government down.aspx?utm_source=alert&utm_medium= &utm_campaign=syndication&utm_content=morelink&utm_term =Politics

Pro-Government Manage the Commons

Help the “Invisible Hand” Coontrol the “Invisible Fist” Adam Smith Kenneth Boulding Policies of social organization based purely on self-interest (and greed) have failed! They must be balanced with civic- minded policy making. Pro-Government

Level the Playing Field

Limit Matthew’s Law “To whomsoever hath, to him shall be given” Kenneth Boulding Pro-Government

Avoid the Posterity Trap “What has posterity ever done for me?”

Pro-Government Limit the Bubbles

Assure a Common History Pro-Government Watergate Pecora Hearings

The _________ Industrial Complex The Vested Interest Problem The BLANK industrial conplex

The Corruption Problem Government as Just another Arena for Competition

Test Review Questions

Malala Yousafzai