INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE– SEE, THINK, WONDER

AS INDIA PRESSED FOR INDEPENDENCE, HINDU AND MUSLIM DIFFERENCES DEEPENED – QUESTION # 1 Muhammad Ali Jinnah ( ) and the Muslim League, feared a Hindu-majority India would ignore Muslim concerns. Worked in Indian National Congress until 1920 until they adopted Gandhi’s satyagraha campaign. Continued to press for territory for religious majority (Pakistan,“land of the pure”)

INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT OF 1947 Date of Independence: August 15 th, 1947 This act was the implementation of the June 3 rd Plan or the Mountbatten Plan Mountbatten was the last viceroy Partition plan was set in place despite the views against it from Mountbatten and Gandhi

1947 PARTITION OF INDIA 12 million+ Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus fled their homes to join a majority-religion region or state violence between the Hindus and Muslims caused hundreds of thousands of deaths Bitter memories remain from these hardships

INDIA AND PAKISTAN SPLIT

PROBLEMS WITH PAKISTAN: EAST AND WEST Separated by 1,000 miles Besides sharing the same religion East and West Pakistan were different in a lot of ways (geography, languages, and traditions) Pakistan’s Strengths: - army - educated officials

WEST AND EAST PAKISTAN PROBLEMS – QUESTION 3 West Pakistan was the political and economic power of the two The Bengalis occupied the poorest section (East Pakistan) Bengalis were treated as second-class citizens 1970, a cyclone caused enormous damage to East Pakistan. There was little to no aid from West Pakistan.

EAST PAKISTAN REBELLION Very successful and quick rebellion (April – December 1971) Indian army supported East Pakistan December 16 th, 1971 East Pakistan became a newly independent nation – Bangladesh.

PAKISTAN TODAY Illiteracy rates are high Millions live in poverty Political instability over the years lead to long periods of military rule The northwest Pashtun tribes have supported the Taliban regime and Al Qaeda