Structure and Function of the Respiratory System Lesson 1-2

Fun With Facts 1. Which lung is bigger?? a. Right b. Left A. Right

Fun With Facts 2. The highest recorded sneeze speed is... a. 165km/hr b. 113km/hr c. 194km/hr d. The speed that it takes to go from your nose to your lab partners shirt A. 165km/hr

Fun With Facts 3. Hairs in the nose help us to clean the air we breath in as well as… a. Rid the oxygen of boogers b. Warm the air c. Distinguish between our grandpa Joe and our grandma Sally B. warm the air

Fun With Facts 4. The surface area of the human lungs approximately what? a. The area of a football field b. The area of a volleyball court c. The area of a tennis court d. The area of a hockey rink (Olympic size) C.the area of a tennis court or 100 square meters.

Fun With Facts 5. An adult at rest usually breaths approximately how many times a minute? a. 5-9 b c d A. (b) 12-15x per minute. An adult inhales and exhales approx. 23,000/day

Fun With Facts 6. About how much water do we lose per day through breathing? a. 2 L b. 1 ½ L c. 1L d. ½ L D. ½ L After Breathing Before Breathing

Fun With Facts 7. The greatest part of the dust in your house comes from where? a. The mantel above the fireplace b. Your computer screen c. Your couches/beds from breathing on them a. Your skin D. from pieces peeled off of your skin

Fun With Facts 8. There is more carbonic acid in the air exhaled by a human being than in the atmosphere (proportionally). a. True b. False c. You would need to take into account other mammals for that statement to be true A. True

Parts Divided into 2: Respiratory Tract ◦ Nasal cavity ◦ Pharynx ◦ Trachea ◦ Bronchi The Lungs ◦ Alveoli

Role of System Gaseous exchange between surrounding air and blood Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood Carbon dioxide diffuse out from blood to alveoli

Nasal Cavity Pharynx

Function of Nasal Cavity Filters air with hairs Warm and moisten air with mucus

Pharynx Muscular funnel-shaped tube about 5 inches long connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx houses the tonsils and the adenoids, which are lymphatic tissues that guard against infection by releasing white blood cells (T and B lymphocytes).

Tonsils Pharyngeal tonsils ◦ located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx. When these tonsils become enlarged they may interfere with breathing and are called adenoids. Palatine tonsils ◦ located near the opening of the oral cavity into the pharynx. Lingual tonsils ◦ located on the posterior surface of the tongue,

Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx

Larynx two thin sheets of elastic ligaments called the vocal chords. The vocal chords vibrate as air is forced from the lungs toward the pharynx. Different sounds are produced by a change in tension on the vocal chords. constructed mainly of cartilage

Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea

Trachea passes air from the pharynx into the lungs. Lined with ciliated, mucus-producing cells An enlarged segment of cartilage supports the epiglottis, a flap-like structure that covers the glottis, or opening of the trachea, when food is being swallowed.

Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi

Bronchi Inhaled air moves from the trachea into two bronchi (singular: bronchus), which, like the trachea, contain cartilage rings. carry air into the right and left lungs, where they branch into smaller airways called bronchioles.

Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles

Bronchial Tubes and Bronchioles do not contain cartilaginous rings. Smooth muscles in the walls of the bronchioles can decrease their diameter. The bronchioles pass air from the bronchi to the alveoli.

Function of Lungs Where gas exchange occurs between the body and the outside world

Alveoli Bronchioles

Alveoli Are tiny air-filled sacks Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries. Inside, gases diffuse between the air and blood according to concentration gradients. Alveoli must be moist for this to occur. Oxygen and carbon dioxide both move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Close-up of Alveoli

Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Diaphragm

Diaphragm The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration. Through its muscular energy, it allows the gasses to move in and out of the lungs through changing pressures within the lung.

Breathing Mechanisms spx?id= &esource=feed_google_video

Mechanics of Respiration 2 important structures A. Intercostal muscles (muscles located between the ribs) B. Diaphragm (muscle that separates rib cage from abdomen)

Inhalation Air rich in O₂ and poor in CO₂ Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract Ribs rise Diaphragm descends Rib cage ↑ in size Lung volume ↑ Air pressure ↓ O₂ rich air from outside flows into lungs until pressure inside and outside of lungs is equal

Exhalation Air rich in CO₂ and poor in O₂ Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax Ribs descend Diaphragm rises Size of rib cage ↓ Lung volume ↓ Air pressure ↑ CO₂ rich air inside lungs flows outside until pressure inside and outside lungs is equal

Gas exchange within the lungs The O₂ that has been absorbed by the lungs must reach all the cells of our body! This is why our blood needs to be circulated The same goes for the waste product produced (CO₂) needs to be carried by the blood to be expelled from the body ALVEOLI This exchange of gases occurs in the ALVEOLI

Gas exchange within the lungs Alveoli → miniature sacs that fill with air and make up the bulk of the lungs Each alveoli is surrounded by blood vessels called capillaries When the blood reaches the alveoli, it is CO₂ rich The air in the alveoli is O₂

Gas exchange

Pleural Membrane The outer surface of the lungs is surrounded by a thin membrane called the pleural membrane, which also lines the inner wall of the chest cavity. The space between the pleural membranes is filled with fluids that reduce the friction between the lungs and the chest cavity during inhalation.

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