Use the maps on pages A32 - A34 to label and illustrate the following on your map (with color): Arabian Sea Eastern Ghats Western Ghats Nepal Himalayas Kashmir (look in index) Godavari River Ganges River Thar Desert (Great Indian Desert) Deccan Plateau Krishna River Sri Lanka Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean Narmada River Indus River Delhi New Delhi China (relative location) Pakistan (relative location)

India is the 7th largest country in the world and the world's second largest population. Located in the northern hemisphere, it is bound by Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Bordered by the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Bay of Bengal. The mountains and sea that surround it separate it from other parts of Asia (natural boundaries or barriers).

Major Rivers: Ganges Indus Krishna Narmada

Four distinct regions of India: Mountains- the Himalayas, rivers that cause frequent flooding during the monsoon season. Plains- basins by three main rivers: the Ganges, Brahmaputra. Very fertile soil. One of the most heavily populated areas in the world. Desert- split by land that is rocky and comprised of limestone ridges. Has the world's 7th largest desert located in NW India, Thar Desert. Southern Peninsula-has mountains surrounding it, with coastal areas on the other side of the mountains.

India as a whole is considered a tropical monsoon climate. Monsoon: seasonal reversal of the winds during the course of a year. Northeast monsoon, winter monsoon, that goes across the land to the sea. Southeast monsoon, summer monsoon, comes from the sea and blows across the land. Brings the highest amount of rainfall to the country * The position of the mtn. ranges and direction of the rain bearing winds are the two main factors that determine the climate of India.

The Indian seasons can be divided as follows: March to June: Summer July to October: Monsoon November to February: Winter

Journal 2/9: What do you think a constitution is? What is the purpose of a constitution for any country, or state, or school? Date/Copy/Answer

Constitution: Constitution: is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

Journal 2/10 & 2/11 If the United States had a social class system similar to India's caste system, what would that be like? What would be your role in the system? Copy/Date/ Answer

Get with a partner (you choose, unless I say otherwise) Discuss the following questions and write down your answers for each picture/object below: What might this object/picture represent in Indian culture? What specific details from the picture/object tell you this (evidence)? What is something you can learn from examining this object/picture?

Quick Overview of India's History Hi storically, India’s geographic boundaries were bigger than they are today Bangladesh + India + Pakistan = India Bangladesh and Pakistan did not exist as separate countries until after India gained independence from Great Britain in 1947 “Northwest India” generally means Pakistan Ancient Indian cities, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, are located in what is now Pakistan The capital of India is New Delhi.

Aryan Invasion ( BC) In vaders came from Europe Traced through Indo-European language roots Ruled India for hundreds of years Set up small kingdoms ruled by rajahs Conquered native Dravidians Created modern Hinduism from Dravidian religious traditions and their own ideas Established India’s caste system

Mughal Empire ( ) 12th century – Muslim invasion 1500 – Central Asians, led by Mughals (Moguls), established a kingdom in northern India Akbar ( ) Conquest of central India Efficient and strong government Religious tolerance Business and commerce encouraged Architecture Forts, mosques, palaces, tombs Taj Mahal – Agra, India – Tomb for a Mogul emperor’s favorite wife

End of the Mughal Empire 17th century – empire crumbled Fighting between smaller kingdoms English, French, and Portuguese traders gained influence 1763 – Seven Years’ War English (British East India Company) won control of India from the French Taken over by the British government under Queen Victoria (British Raj, ) Independent after World War II (1947)

Intro to Hinduism A bout 80% of India's population believe in Hinduism Escape sins of life by attaining purity and perfection of the soul Caste system: practice central to Hinduism Soul reincarnated in person of higher caste Must carry out duties of the caste Repeated rebirths Soul ultimately becomes perfect and merges with the soul of Brahma (principal god).

Social Class Be tween 1500 B.C. and A.D. 500 a caste system developed in Indian society after the Indo-Aryan migration. 4 distinct Varnas (social classes) Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaishyas Shudras A fifth group that did not even belong in a Varna, were the untouchables or pariahs. Only held jobs that were considered unclean. Eventually divided by occupation into thousands of castes A person is born into their caste system, they cannot choose which caste or class they would like to be in.

Hinduism and the Caste System A ll life is sacred Animals respected Cow is sacred P rovide power for plows and carts Produce milk and butter for food Therefore they are protected by law M ost Hindus are vegetarians Basic beliefs World is evil Reincarnation after death (animal or human): religious concept that the soul or spirit, after biological death, can begin a new life in a new body. Soul purified by completion of caste duties Reverence for animals Escape world’s evils through prayer

Two Principles of Hinduism Dh arma: doing one’s moral duty in this life so that the soul can advance in the next life. Karma: the good or bad force created by a person’s actions. People who fulfill their dharma will have good karma and be reborn into a higher social group. People who receive bad karma will be reborn into a lower social group or as animals. Souls that grow spiritually eventually reach nirvana. When the cycle of reincarnation is complete and the soul unites with Brahmin.

Hindu Religious Practices O ften practice yoga, a set of mental and physical exercises designed to bring the body and soul together. Festivals including rituals, music, dancing, eating, and drinking. Represent the seasonal course of nature and welcome the return of a season.

India's Culture Kalidasa (6th century CE) Playwright and poet Fairy stories and animal fables Art and architecture Temples covered with designs and figures

Science and Mathematics Ma thematics Zero Decimal point Minus sign “Arabic” numerals (Europe got them from Arab traders, who got them from India) Gupta Period ( CE) Leaders in dyeing, tanning leather, soap and glass making Textiles Cotton, cashmere, calico, chintz – all originally Indian terms

India's Government In dia has a constitutional parliamentary form of government. The parliament is supreme and represents the people of India. The constitution of India accepted a parliamentary form of government at the center (federal) and state levels. The gov't is carried out in the name of the president (figurehead) who serves a five year term, but administration is actually carried out by the prime minister and the Council of Ministers who are responsible to the parliament. Eco nomy T he largest contributor to India's economy is agriculture Tourism 2nd 3/4 of India's population are poor farmers who live in rural villages. Most of the rural population in India live in streets and are very poor.

Read the New York Times article: India Tries Using Cash Bonuses to Slow Birth Rates. Annotate the article while you read using the text code on the board or with your own text code. Make sure to explain in the margins. After you have finished reading and annotating the article answer the following questions (write question and answer): How much of the population is below 25? How will this affect the economy of India? What problems does the enormous young population bring? What are some state governments doing to limit birthrates? What are they doing in Satara, India? What is the relation between education and family size? Is the program in Satara working? Why or why not? What problem has come with this program? Turn these in when you are finished, you will get them back and they will go in your notebook as number 26.

Study for 5 minutes for the map quiz.