Forensic Psychology Turning to Crime Revision. Turning to Crime What makes some people turn to a life a crime? Is it due to upbringing or biology? Nature.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Born Bad? Does the research using this toy support the nurture argument?
Advertisements

G544 DEBATES: Determinism vs Freewill
TURNING TO CRIME Cognition.
What do they have to do with aggression? What is serotonin, what is low levels associated (possibly) with?
Why do people turn to crime?. The Three Influences Upbringing – focuses on social influences to explain why some people turn to crime. Biological factors.
Turning to crime Biology. Turning To CrimeBiology Brain Dysfunction Raine Genetic Abnormality Caspi Gender related life expectancy Daly & Wilson.
Psychological Theories of Crime. ‘ Crime is the product of poverty or greed. It is the result of social dislocation, television, the genes or the devil.
Revision Unit 4.
Individual vs Situational Explanations of Behaviour
Theories of upbringing, cognition and biology
Turning to Crime Theories of upbringing, cognition and biology.
An integrative look at criminal behaviour 2.3 The biological level of analysis.
TURNING TO CRIME Upbringing. Rank these factors as to how much they would affect a person who turns to crime: TelevisionPets Gender Age Social classEducation`
Turning to crime Biology. Turning To CrimeBiology Brain Dysfunction Raine Genes and Serotonin BrunnerGender Daly & Wilson.
Dysfunctional Behaviour
Historical and Cultural context Describe and evaluate the cultural context and development, the conceptual framework, the methodology, and the application.
During this presentation we will be getting inside the mind of a criminal and exploring the biology and upbringing in relation to criminal activity. By.
Booklet A – Turning to Crime Upbringing Cognition Biology
Developmental Psychology HL Option. One of 2 options (the other being Abnormal psychology). Assessed in Paper 2. Assessed by ERQ only. For each option:
Contents What is Physiological Psychology? Assumptions Methods of Investigation Core Studies from Physiological Psychology: Dement and Kleitman (1957)
Theories of upbringing, cognition and biology
How to evaluate (and compare/contrast) an approach
Strengths of the cognitive approach:
Biological explanations of aggression Hormonal mechanism.
What’s coming up….  Ethnocentrism  Nature-nurture  Individual and situational explanations  Determinism and free will  Reductionism and holism  Psychology.
What is the lesson about today?
HORMONAL MECHANISMS Lesson three. Wider Evaluation-Starter There are many studies that investigate the role of neural mechanisms in aggression which use.
Issues and Debates  Ethnocentrism  Nature-nurture  Ethics  Individual and situational explanations  Reductionism and holism  Psychology as a science.
Chapter Five: Trait Theory: It’s in Their Blood. Trait Theory The view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits The.
Contemporary Criminology CLN4U. Nature vs Nurture Theories of criminology generally fall into one of two categories Theories of criminology generally.
Issues and Debates  Ethnocentrism  Nature-nurture  Ethics  Individual and situational explanations  Reductionism and holism  Psychology as a science.
Extension: Do you think socialisation is a stronger argument for gender development than biology? Discuss with somebody else what different social factors.
Neural Mechanisms Lesson 2. Outline neural mechanism as an explanation of aggression Evaluate neural mechanism as an explanation of aggression.
Extension: How valid do you think the studies you included are and why? Discuss with somebody else the AO2/3 research evidence point that you wrote for.
HORMONAL MECHANISMS Lesson three. Neural mechanisms How does the research support the N.M theory? Crockett et al (2008) carried out a repeated measures.
Biological rhythms & sleep – Methodology A03 Methodological issues: sample- Many of the studies use very few participants (case studies with 1 person e.g.
Explanations Cognitive Psychodynamic Treatments Cognitive psychodynamic.
Nature – Nurture L.O. Describe and evaluate the role of both nature and nurture in explaining human behaviour, drawing on material (including content and.
ISSUES AND DEBATES PSYCHOLOGICAL SKILLS  9.1 Methods  9.2 Synoptic review of studies  9.3 Issues and debates.
Gender The biosocial approach to gender development.
Reductionism, Free Will, Determinism and the Biological LOA This is key evaluation which can be brought into any questions from this section.
Biological explanations of aggression Neural and hormonal mechanisms and aggression 1.
Myths.
Contents What is Physiological Psychology? Assumptions
TURNING TO CRIME~ THE ROLE OF COGNITION
Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour Objectives for topic Describe two biological explanations of Criminal behaviour... * Inherited Criminality.
Strengths of the cognitive approach:
Check your understanding
Social Psychological explanations of criminal behaviour

Chapter Five Trait Theory
Lanyards/targets?.
Gender Genes and hormones.
Biological explanations of criminal behaviour
Additional Exam Questions from other sources and some I made up!
Psychological explanations of offending behaviour
Reductionism and Holism
Title: Introduction to Topic C- Nature Nurture Debate
Issues and debates.
Genetics.
Sociological Explanations for Criminal & Deviant Behaviour
Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour Objectives for topic Describe two biological explanations of Criminal behaviour... * Inherited Criminality.
Turning to Crime.
Biological Explanations of Criminal behaviour
Strength The biological approach adopts scientific methods for investigation using measures which are largely objective (not subject to opinion) such.
Individual / Situational Explanations Socially Sensitive Research
A2 Unit 3 Options in Applied Psychology Forensic Psychology
1. What makes a criminal?.
Turning to Crime Today’s learning objectives:
Presentation transcript:

Forensic Psychology Turning to Crime Revision

Turning to Crime What makes some people turn to a life a crime? Is it due to upbringing or biology? Nature or Nurture? Do people always have a choice? What is the role of Free Will in crime? Upbringing Farrington (2006) Peers Sutherland (1939) Poverty Wikstrom & Tafel (2003) Cognition Yochelson & Samenow (1976) Moral Development Kohlberg (1963) Social Cognition Gudjohnsson & Bownes (2002) Biology Brain Dysfunction Raine (2002) Genes Bruner et al (1993) Gender Daly & Wilson (2001

UPBRINGING Nurture argument, family peers and poverty all influence criminality. Studies: - Farrington (2006) The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Behaviour (Dysfunctional Families) Sutherland (1939) Differential Association Hypothesis (Peers) Wikstrom & Tafel (2003) The Peterborough Youth Study (Disadvantaged backgrounds)

COGNITION Faulty thinking and lack of guilt or morals influences criminality. Studies: - Yochelson & Samenow (1976) A Study of thinking patterns in criminals Kohlberg (1963) Moral Development Gudjohnsson & Bownes (2002) The attribution of blame and type of crime commited

BIOLOGY Nature side of the argument, criminals are born not made. Studies: - Raine (2002) Understanding the development of antisocial behaviour in children (Brain Structure) Bruner et al (1993) A study of violence in a family with genetic abnormality Daly & Wilson (2001) Investigation gender related life expectancy

Evaluation It is never easy or straightforward to explain why people turn to crime. We must be careful to avoid reductionist (simplistic) or deterministic (criminal behaviour is outside the control of the individual) arguments. Upbringing, biology and cognition (thought processes) can all explain criminality; however the real reasons are far more complex. All these are factors that affect the chances of turning to crime; none by themselves are causal factors. It is the interaction between these factors and individual differences between people that influences whether or not people turn to crime. It must be remembered that everyone has free will; we choose whether or not to break the law. Furthermore, how do we define and measure crime? (reliability and validity)

Possible Essays - Upbringing 1) How can upbringing in a disrupted family explain criminal behaviour? Evaluate the use of longitudinal research when considering upbringing as an explanation for criminal behaviour. 2) Describe one way that criminal behaviour has been explained. Using the issue of reductionism, evaluate any two explanations of crime 3) How can living in a disadvantaged neighbourhood explain criminal behaviour? To what extent does upbringing provide an explanation of criminal behaviour?

Possible Essays - Cognition 1) Outline one piece of research into criminal thinking patterns. To what extent does the cognitive approach provide an explanation of criminal behaviour? 2) Describe how morality can explain criminal behaviour. Evaluate the validity of research into cognitive explanations of criminal behaviour. 3) Describe how social cognition (attribution) can explain criminality. Evaluate the methodology used to study cognitive explanations of criminality.

Possible Essays - Biology 1) Outline how brain dysfunction can explain criminal behaviour. Evaluate biological explanations of criminal behaviour. 2) Outline evidence which shows that genes may influence criminal behaviour. To what extent are biological explanations of why people turn to crime reductionist? 3) Outline a biological explanation of why males commit more crime than females. To what extent does the biological approach provide an explanation of criminal behaviour?