Types of Minerals Chapter 4 Section 2.

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Types of Minerals Chapter 4 Section 2

Mineral Groups Silicates Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen Make up 96% of minerals in Earth’s crust Tetrahedron Building block of silicates Geometric solid having four sides that are equilateral triangles Resemble a pyramid Silica tetrahedra has one silica atom and 4 oxygen atoms Silica tetrahedron can form in a variety of combinations Accounts for the large diversity of silicate minerals.

Silica tetrahedron

Silicates Individual tetrahedra are strongly bonded Sheets Chains Complex three-dimensional structures Bonds determine the fracture or cleavage properties Weak ionic bonds break along sheets- mica

Carbonates Minerals composed of one or more metallic elements and the carbonate ion CO32-. Examples: Calcite Dolomite Rhodochrosite Found mostly in rocks such as limestone and marble Have distinctive colorations

Carbonates Calcite Dolomite

Rhodochrisite

Oxides Compounds of oxygen and metals Hematite and Magnetite common iron oxides Uranitite- source of uranium Hematite Magnetite Uranitite

Other Groups Sulfides Sulfates Halides Native elements Pyrite (fool’s gold) Sulfur and one or more elements Sulfates Anhydrite Sulfate ion and other elements Halides Halite Chloride and fluoride along with calcium Native elements Silver, or copper Made of one element only

Economic Minerals Ore Gems A mineral is an ore if it has value. As soon as the value is gone, it is no longer an ore Gems Valuable minerals that are prized for their rarity and beauty. Very hard and scratch resistant Emeralds, rubies, diamonds Polished and use for jewelry Platinum ore