CHAPTER 5 CELLULAR RESPIRATION P

DEFINITION  DECOMPOSITION PATHWAY THAT PROVIDES THE ENERGY (ATP) CELLS NEED TO FUNCTION  2 TYPES (SEE P.1 OF PACKET)  AEROBIC  ANNAEROBIC

AEROBIC  IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN (GLYCOLYSIS, KREBS CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM OR ETS)  GLUCOSE IS TRANSPORTED BY THE BLOODSTREAM TO OUR CELLS  THE HORMONE ADRENALINE HELPS TO BREAK GLYCOGEN INTO GLUCOSE  GLUCOSE + OXYGEN  CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + ENERGY (ATP)

ANAEROBIC  WITHOUT OXYGEN, GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION  ALCOHOL SUCH AS IN WINE  LACTIC ACID/LACTATE IN MUSCLES WHEN THERE IS INSUFFICIENT OXYGEN

1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain 3 MAIN STAGES OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION

GLYCOLYSIS  OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM (CYTOSOL)  GLUCOSE BROKEN DOWN INTO 2 PYRUVATE (PYRUVIC ACID)  2 MOLECULES OF NADH ARE FORMED (FROM NAD+)  2 MOLECULES OF ATP ARE FORMED (4 PRODUCED MINUS 2 USED TO START THE PROCESS)

KREBS CYCLE  TAKES PLACE IN MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX  DEALS WITH BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE INTO CARBON SKELETONS  1 MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE FORMS 2 PYRUVATE (PYRUVIC ACID) THROUGH GLYCOLYSIS  PYRUVATE FORMS ACETYL CO-A  TO START THE PROCESS  PRODUCTS PRODUCED:  4CO 2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH 2, AND 2 ATP

ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM  TAKES PLACE IN THE CRISTAE OR INNER MEMBRANE OF THE MITOCHONDRIA

3 MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS 1. NADH AND FADH 2 (FROM GLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS CYCLE) DONATE ELECTRONS AND H+ WHICH COMBINE WITH OXYGEN TO FORM WATER 2. ENERGY FROM THE ELECTRONS POWERS THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF H+ OUT OF THE MEMBRANE 3. WHEN H+ DIFFUSE BACK IN THROUGH ATP SYNTHASE, ATP IS PRODUCED (34 TOTAL)  EACH NADH MOLECULE CAN DRIVE THE SYNTHESIS OF UP TO 3 ATP  EACH FADH 2 MOLECULE CAN DRIVE THE SYNTHESIS OF UP TO 2 ATP