Production of Energy From the web-site open 2.22 Production of energy notes and upload to eBackpack

Cell Metabolism (Physiology) defined as all the chemical reactions or changes within a cell

Metabolism Broken into two main types 1.Anabolism Building up of molecules Requires energy 2.Catabolism Breaking down of molecules Releases energy

Check: Anabolic or Catabolic? amino acids join together to make dipeptides: e.g. NH 2 CHRCOOH + NH 2 CHRCOOH =12 NH 2 CHRCONHCHRCOOH + H 2 O anabolic

Check: Anabolic or Catabolic? The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen: 2H 2 O 2 =12 2H 2 O + O 2 Catabolic

Check: Anabolic or Catabolic? The conversion of glucose during respiration to produce carbon dioxide and water. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 =12 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O Catabolic

Check: Anabolic or Catabolic? glycerol reacts with fatty acids to make lipids: e.g. CH 2 OHCH(OH)CH 2 OH + C 17 H 35 COOH =12 CH 2 OHCH(OH)CH 2 OOCC 17 H 35 Anabolic

Metabolism controlled by Enzymes

Review: Enzymes Enzymes belong to which group of chemicals? a. lipids b. carbohydrates c. proteins d. nucleic acids

Review: Enzymes Enzymes act as biological a. catalysts b. inhibitors c. substrates d. solvents

Review: Enzymes Enzymes speed up biological reactions by a. lowering the temperature of the reaction b. increasing the temperature of the reactions c. lowering the activation energy of the reaction d. increasing the activation energy of the reaction

Metabolism Requires Chemical energy Made during cellular respiration (ATP)

Metabolism follow Pathways A sequence of enzyme controlled reactions

Metabolism Instructed by DNA

Cellular Respiration Summary- Glycolysis

Cellular Respiration Summary- Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle

Cellular Respiration Summary- Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis ANAEROBICANAEROBIC Starts with glucose (C6H12O6) Takes place in ( cytosol / mitochondria ) Products are:2 three carbon pyruvate 2 NADH ( energy molecule ) 2 H 2 O 2 ATP ( energy molecule ) Glycolysis animation

Transition Stage Is oxygen available? Yes- Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA No- Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid

Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) Starts when pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, then citric acid. Takes place in the ( Cytosol / Mitochondria ) Products are:6 NADH 2 FADH 2 ( energy molecule ) 2 ATP 4 H 2 O AEROBICAEROBIC Kreb’s cycle animation

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Uses H+ from NADH and FADH 2 to create a gradient across the membrane Takes place in the ( cytosol / mitochondria ) Products are:H 2 O ATP AEROBICAEROBIC ETC animation

Summary C 6 H 12 O 6 + O  Energy (ATP and heat) + CO 2 + H 2 O Save your notes and Upload them to Google Drive- A&P, Cells Folder