BELLWORK: 2/8 Explain the problems with the Estate System. Describe the Estates-General. Why did the Third Estate dislike it? What was the National Assembly? What was their goal? Describe the storming of the Bastille. THINKER: In your opinion, what was the BIGGEST cause of the French Revolution? Think about what created the most problems for France….what inspired the third estate to revolt? Explain!

The First Estate Made up of clergy About 1% of the population Controlled 5 – 10% of land in France Enjoyed many privileges Did not have to pay taxes

The Second Estate Made up of the nobility About 2% of the population Owned 25% of land in France Held high positions in the government and military Owned large estates and paid no taxes Incomes came mostly from peasants living and working on their land

The Third Estate Made up of Middle Class (bourgeoisie), peasants, and artisans About 97% of population Middle Class (doctors, lawyers, merchants) were educated and wealthy, but had no prestige or privileges Looked to Enlightenment philosophers that spoke about freedom and social justice Peasants were forced to pay over half of their income to king, clergy and nobles Members of this estate had no voice in government

Call For Change: In 1774, King Louis XVI and wife Marie Antoinette came to power The king was faced with severe debt and wanted to tax the First and Second Estates The two estates refused to pay the taxes The king was forced to call the Estates-General in 1789 #2 - Describe the Estates-General. Why did the Third Estate dislike it?

The Estates-General The Estates-General was made up of delegates from each estate and each estate was given 1 vote With this type of voting, the clergy and nobility would vote together and always overrule the Third Estate The Third Estate felt the vote should be based on the number of people in the estate, thus giving them the majority vote.

The Tennis Court Oath Fearing a revolt, the king locked the Third Estate out of their meeting place in the Estates-General. #3 - What was the National Assembly? What was their goal? The Third Estate then declared themselves the National Assembly and began meeting in an indoor tennis court Here, they took an oath called the Tennis Court Oath—refusing to disband until they had a written constitution for France

The Storming of the Bastille The Bastille (a Paris prison) symbolized injustices of the monarchy #4 - Describe the storming of the Bastille. July 14, 1789 a mob surrounded the Bastille in an attempt to steal weapons needed to defend the National Assembly The soldiers killed 98 rioters and the rioters released 7 prisoners

The Storming of the Bastille This outbreak led to the formation of a Revolutionary Government in Paris The Storming of the Bastille led to a wave of violence in France This event is considered the beginning of the French Revolution

Causes of the French Revolution Long term Short term Enlightenment American Revolution Social Problems (Estate System) Political Problems (Absolute/corrupt) Economic Problems (Debt/over-taxation) Growing economic problems and monarch’s unwillingness to help Estates-General Creation of the National Assembly Tennis Court Oath Storming of the Bastille #5 - THINKER: In your opinion, what was the BIGGEST cause of the French Revolution? Think about what created the most problems for France….what inspired the third estate to revolt? Explain!

Partner Reading: New French Government As you know, the National Assembly (3rd Estate) formed after they were locked out of the Estates-General. They are the group that leads the Revolution and it is their goal to create a new government! For this partner reading, you are going to focus on the changes the National Assembly made to the new French Government. With a partner, you will each read a different topic about the new government and the National Assembly As you read, answer the following questions in your notes. Once both people are finished reading, you will teach the information to your partner. Take good notes! Your partner is depending on you! You can either write the question OR write in a complete sentence. I am checking these for points tomorrow!

Notes: A New French Government Partner A (pgs. 340-341) Partner B (pgs. 342-344) End of the Old Order (340) List three decisions the National Assembly made at the August 1789 meeting. Explain the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. How did the King respond to the Declaration? A New France (341) How was the National Assembly going to pay off their debts? What did the Constitution of 1791 set up? What new rights did it give French citizens? Decline of the French Monarchy What happened to the King and Queen when they tried to escape to Austria? What happened after France declared war? A French Republic What did delegates decide at the National Convention? What new laws were implemented under France’s first democratic constitution?