Antimicrobial vaccines List the main types of immunization List the main types of vaccines Describe the advantages and disadvantages of different types.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

2 Milestones in immunization u 1500BC u Turks introduce variolation u 3000BC u Evidence of sniffing powdered small pox crust in Egypt u 2000BC u Sniffing.

Advertisements

Vaccine Technology. Newer Technology for Dosing:

Chapter 18 Vaccines Termed coined by Pasteur to honor Jenner’s work Vaccines are cost-effective uses of our immune system Dramatic reduction of –Diptheria.

Specific, non-specific defense and vaccines

Immunoprophylaxis (prophylactic immunization). Immunoprophylaxis Types of immunization Immunoglobulins and vaccines Strategies in vaccine preparation.

Vaccines Robert Beatty MCB150. Passive vs Active Immunity  Passive immunization transfer of antibodies  Vaccines are active immunizations (mimic natural.

Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University-Gaza MB M ICRO B IOLOGY Dr. Abdelraouf A. Elmanama Ph. D Microbiology 2008 Chapter.

Lecture 11: Practical applications of immunology ; vaccinations Edith Porter, M.D. 1.

Microbiology B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein AN INTRODUCTION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Chapter 18 Practical Applications of Immunology.

Public Health Preventive Medicine primary prevention specific prevention immunization Samar Musmar,MD,FAAFP Consultant, family medicine Clinical assistant.

Vaccines. Immunity Specific defenses Immunity Passive immunityActive immunity Following clinical infection Following subclinical infection Following vaccination.

Vaccination. NATURALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY Active: Acquired through contact with microorganisms (infection). Provides long term protection. Passive: Antibodies.

VACCINATION. Vaccination: Is The administration of an antigen to stimulate a protective immune response against an infectious agent.

What are the 5 pathogens we’ve discussed in class?

Childhood Immunization How does immunisation work? – The body is given a vaccine which is a small dose of an inactive form of a bacterium or virus (germ)

Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health Texas A&M University

Immunization Immunization is the means of providing specific protection against most common and damaging pathogens. Specific immunity can be acquired.

Immunoprophylaxis Dr. Suhail.

Immunization م. م زيد وحيد عاجل. Immunity : The ability to destroy a particular antigen, it is may be inherited (natural) or acquired (artificial). Natural.

What They Are How They Work

Immunoprevention. Definition By using immunological agents to construct, improve or inhibit immune response, people can prevent some diseases.

Chapter 11 Practical Applications of Immunology. Vaccine History Variolation: Inoculation of smallpox into skin (18th century). Vaccination: Inoculation.

A vaccine is biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease, a vaccine typically contains a disease causing micro-organisms often.

What is immunization Immunization is the process of conferring increased resistance (or decrease susceptibility) to infection.

Acquiring Immunity Long Term Protection. Individual Activity (means no talking) Read Acquiring Specific Immunity at top of p317 of Biology 2.

17-1 Topics Principals of immunization Vaccines Immunizations.

Immune system dynamics. Figure 17.1 Antibody- antigen binding Figure 17.1 Antigens (Ag) Protein or polysaccharide Can be attached or free from cell Antibodies.

Biologics. Biologics Wide range of medicinal products produced by biological processes. Isolated from a variety of natural sources and may be produced.

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case Microbiology.

2 QUESTIONS OF LECTURE n History of immunization n Passive immunization n Hypersensitivity reactions by injection of the serum n Monoclonal antibodies.

How vaccines work. Prevention of diseases. Your Immune System It is always better to prevent a disease than to treat it after it occurs. Immunity is the.

Mosby items and derived items © 2007, 2005, 2002 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. CHAPTER 46 Immunizing Drugs and Biochemical Terrorism.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION. Two types of immunization Active immunization - natural infection - vaccination, that provides people with an immunological.

Active and passive immunization. Passive immunization Substitution of missing specific antibodies protecting against infectious disease or treating the.

Vaccines: A Molecular View

DR.FATIMA ALKHALEDY M.B.Ch.B;F.I.C.M.S/C.M.

CHAPTER 46 Immunizing Drugs and Biochemical Terrorism 1/7/20161Winter 2013.

Vaccines and Immunisation

Principles of Immunization Ashry Gad Mohamed & Dr. Salwa Tayel Family & Community Department.

Dr. Muntanavadee Maytapattana

ACTIVE & PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION (VACCINATION). Immunization Natural: Infection = active Antibodies from mother = passive (transplacentary only IgG, half.

The different types of vaccines used and their composition.

Note to presenter: The National Immunization Program can provide a videotape with animated sequences illustrating the biology of active and passive immunity.

V i r u s e s Non-Living.

PRESENTED BY : 1. TAHSIN TASNIM ATASHI 2. SAMIHA ASHREEN 3. ZAREEN NAWAR.

Chapter 17 Applications of Immune Responses. A Glimpse in History Chinese writings from the Sung Dynasty (AD ) indicate a process called variolation,

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. IMMUNIZATION Immunization – The creation of immunity usually against a particular disease; especially : treatment (as by vaccination/

How vaccines work. Prevention of diseases. Your Immune System (lymphatic system) It is always better to prevent a disease than to treat it after it occurs.

MBBS Batch 17. CAN WE FOLLOW A PLAN? Wrong groups.

Vaccination. immunity adaptive natural active passive artificial active passive innate.

VACCINATIONS AND IMMUNISATIONS Science Group, Buxton U3A 20 th September 2013 Dr Marion Overton.

Which vaccinations have you had?!

VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY.

Principles of Vaccination Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Viral vaccines .

Elsevier Inc. items and derived items © 2010 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Childhood Immunization.

Vaccines Dr. Sarah I. Bukhari 324 PHT PhD in Clinical Microbiology

Chapter 16 Immunizations and Immunity. Amazing Fact “An estimated 2.1 million people around the world died in 2002 of diseases preventable by widely used.

ACTIVE & PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION (VACCINATION)

(Immunization / Vaccination)

Vaccines Hanna and Sanna.

Basic Concepts in Immunity

Even 2,500 Years Ago, People Knew Immunity Worked.

History of Vaccines Variolation: inoculation of smallpox into skin (eighteenth century) Vaccination: Inoculation of cowpox virus into skin (Jenner) Inoculation.

Making Vaccines.

Immunization/Vaccination

A brief discussion on passive and active (esp., vaccines) immunity

Presentation transcript:

Antimicrobial vaccines List the main types of immunization List the main types of vaccines Describe the advantages and disadvantages of different types of vaccines

'Never in the history of human progress has a better and cheaper method of preventing illness been developed than immunization at its best'. P athologist Geoffrey Edsall

Immunization major means by which infections may be controlled and in some cases, eradicated

Antimicrobial vaccines Prevent or Lessen the serious symptoms of disease Blocks the spread of bacterium, bacterial toxin, virus to its target cell or Acts rapidly at the site of infection Personal immunity and herd immunity (immunity of the population ) is aimed by vaccination.

Immunization programs National and international Smallpox in the World and wild-type poliomyelitis in the Western Hemisphere are eradicated. Spread of measles,mumps and rubella are controlled(elimination is aimed in 2015)

Last polio case in Turkey 26 November 1998 Ağrı

8 DÜNYADA DURUM Polio endemik ülkeler Endemik olmayan ülkeler Poliosuz olarak sertifikalandırıldı DSÖ Avrupa bölgesi “Poliosuz” olarak sertifikalandırıldı 1918 VAKA 2002

Immunization Passive immunization: -purified antibody-containing serum -from mother through placenta or by milk Active immunization: -Natural: by infection -Vaccines

Passive immunization Immune serum globulin: from seropositive people or animals (horses) (Human immunoglobulin is preferred.) Measles,HAV Spesific immunoglobulins: -Hepatitis B(HBIg) -Rabies(Rıg) -Varicella zoster(VZIg) -Tetanus (TIG) Botulinum antitoxin -Diphteria antitoxin Monoclonal antibodies(RSV)

Passive immunization Provides immediate But short term protection For long term protection Vaccination Therefore sometimes:passive-active immunity is necessary: Tetanus HBV Rabies prevention

Active immunization Live-attenuated vaccines Inactivated-killed vaccines Subunit vaccines New vaccines: Hybrid virus vaccines DNA vaccines

Disadvantages of inactivated vaccines Immunity is not usually lifelong Immunity may only be humoral not cell- mediated The vaccine does not elicit a local IgA response (does not mimic natural infection) Booster shots are required Larger doses must be used Adjuvant is required

Inactivated-killed vaccines Toxoid:diphtheria vaccine, tetanus vaccine Inactivated viral vaccines: polio(Salk),hepatitis A, influenza, rabies Subunit vaccines: Hepatitis B Capsular polisaccharides :Haemophilus influenzae B, Streptococcus pneumoniae Inactivated bacteria: Bacillus anthracis Acellular(purified protein): Bacillus anthracis

Human papilloma virus vaccine Quadrivalent HPV vaccine, targets HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 bivalent vaccine, targets HPV types 16 and 18 Recombinant vaccine

HBV vaccine 0,1,6 month For health care personel after 1 month Quantitative anti-HBs detection 10IU/ml: immune for lifelong

Live vaccines Viral vaccines: Polio(Sabin) Measles Mumps Rubella Rotavirus Bacterial vaccines: Calmette-Guerin bacillus vaccine: Mycobacterium bovis (BCG)

Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 4 May :21 PM) © 2005 Elsevier

Live vaccines Viral vaccines: Polio(Sabin) Measles Mumps Rubella Bacterial vaccines: Calmette-Guerin bacillus vaccine: Mycobacterium bovis (BCG)

Salmonella typhi Vibrio cholerae Yersinia pestis Bacillus anthracis Francisella tularensis Rickettsia prowazekii Coxiella burnettii Yellow fever Japanese encephalitis Adenovirus Vaccines in special conditions

Vaccination in immunocompromised patients Vaccination of adults(health care personel) Vaccination of travellers Vaccination of pregnant women Uptodate knowledge !!! ( web sites of -saglik.gov.tr -cdc -who -uptodate)