CH.13 EXPANSION AND CRISIS IN THE U.S.
WESTERN EXPANSION: U.S. ADDS NEW TERRITORY: JEFFERSON BUYS LOUISIANA TERRITORY FROM FRANCE.JEFFERSON BUYS LOUISIANA TERRITORY FROM FRANCE. SPAIN GAVE UP FLORIDA TO THE U.S.SPAIN GAVE UP FLORIDA TO THE U.S. A TREATY W/ GREAT BRITAIN GAVE THE U.S. THE OREGON TERRITORY.A TREATY W/ GREAT BRITAIN GAVE THE U.S. THE OREGON TERRITORY. TEXAS REVOLTS FROM MEXICO AND IS ANNEXED BY THE U.S.TEXAS REVOLTS FROM MEXICO AND IS ANNEXED BY THE U.S. AS PART OF THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR SETTLEMENT, MEXICO CEDED FROM TEXAS TO CALIFORNIA TO THE U.S.( THIS WAS KNOWN AS THE MEXICAN CESSION )AS PART OF THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR SETTLEMENT, MEXICO CEDED FROM TEXAS TO CALIFORNIA TO THE U.S.( THIS WAS KNOWN AS THE MEXICAN CESSION ) GADSDEN PURCHASE: THE U.S. BOUGHT THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA FROM MEXICO.GADSDEN PURCHASE: THE U.S. BOUGHT THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA FROM MEXICO.
WESTERN EXPANSION:
MANIFEST DESTINY: THE IDEA THAT AMERICANS HAD THE RIGHT AND DUTY TO EXPAND FROM THE ATLANTIC OCEAN TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN. INDIAN REMOVAL ACT: LAW THAT ENABLED THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT TO FORCE NATIVE AMERICANS TO MOVE WESTWARD ONTO RESERVATIONS THAT WERE FAR INFERIOR TO THE LANDS THAT THEY CAME FROM.THIS JOURNEY WAS CALLED THE TRAIL OF TEARS.
TRAIL OF TEARS
TRAIL OF TEARS
CIVIL WAR TESTS DEMOCRACY: MAJOR DIFFERENCES OF THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH: NORTH:NORTH: HAD A DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY WITH BOTH FARMING AND INDUSTRY. NORTHERNERS THOUGHT SLAVERY WAS MORALLY WRONG AND WANTED TO OUTLAW IT IN NEW STATES OR OUTLAW IT ALLTOGETHER. THOUGHT THAT THE CONSTITUTION DEVELOPED A SINGULAR UNION UNDER ONE SET OF LAWS. SOUTH:SOUTH: HAD AN ECONOMY BASED ON AGRICULTURE ALONE. FELT THAT THE SOUTH NEEDED SLAVERY TO SUSTAIN THEIR LIFESTYLE. FELT THAT EACH STATE ENTERED THE U.S. FREELY AND COULD LEAVE AS THEY WISH.
CIVIL WAR: CONFLICT B/N THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH REACHED A CLIMAX IN 1860 WHEN ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT. SOUTHERNERS FIERCELY OPPOSED LINCOLN AND ONE BY ONE BEGAN TO SECEDE FROM THE UNION. APRIL 12, 1861 THE CIVIL WAR BEGAN WHEN CONFEDERATE FORCES FIRED ON FORT SUMTER, A FEDERAL FORT IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.
CIVIL WAR: DURING THE WAR THE SOUTH HAD SUPERIOR LEADERSHIP BUT THE NORTH HAD A LARGER POP., BETTER TRANSPORTATION, GREATER RESOURSES, AND MORE FACTORIES FOR MANUFACTORING WEAPONS AND SUPPLIES. IN APRIL 1865, THE SOUTH SURRENDERED TO THE NORTH. GRANT LED UNION ARMY LEE LED THE CONFEDERATE ARMY
LINCOLN FORD’S THEATRE LINCOLN FORD’S THEATRE
JOHN WILKES BOOTH May 10, April 26, 1865 JOHN WILKES BOOTH May 10, April 26, 1865
PETERSON HOUSE
BOOTHE’S GUN AND KNIFE
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY: LINCOLN ARGUED THROUGHOUT THE WAR THAT HE WAS FIGHTING TO UNITE THE UNION AND NOT TO END SLAVERY. BUT, EVENTUALLY HE DECIDED THAT ENDING SLAVERY WOULD HELP TO REUNITE THE UNION. IN 1862 HE PASSED THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION, THIS DECLARED THAT ALL STATES IN THE UNION WOULD BE FREE STATES. AMENDMENTS PASSED: 13 TH : FOREVER ABOLISHED SLAVERY IN ALL OF THE U.S.13 TH : FOREVER ABOLISHED SLAVERY IN ALL OF THE U.S. 14 TH : EXTENDED THE RIGHT TO CITIZEN14 TH : EXTENDED THE RIGHT TO CITIZEN SHIP TO ALL AMERICANS. BLACK OR WHITE.
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY: 15 TH : GUARANTEED FORMER SLAVES THE RIGHT TO VOTE. THESE AMENDMENTS DID NOT END THE FIGHT FOR EQUALITY FOR BLACK AMERICANS. SOUTHERN STATES BEGAN TO PASS SEGREGATION LAWS: THESE LAWS ENCOURAGED THE SEPARATION OF BLACKS AND WHITES IN SOCIETY. IMMIGRATION AND THE COMPLETION OF THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD SPARKED POSTWAR ECONOMIC EXPANSION.
NINETEENTH CENTURY PROGRESS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ELECTRICITY MADE MANY INVENTIONS POSSIBLE. THOMAS EDISON: PATENTED OVER 1000 INVENTIONS INCLUDING THE LIGHT BULB AND THE PHONOGRAPH
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL TEACHER OF DEAF STUDENTS WHO INVENTED THE TELEPHONE IN HIS SPARE TIME.
GUGLIELMO MARCONI ITALIAN INVENTOR THAT INVENTED THE FIRST RADIO.
HENRY FORD INVENTED THE ASSEMBLY LINE SO THAT EVERYONE COULD AFFORD AN AUTOMOBILE.BUILT THE MODEL T ASSEMBLY LINE:A LINE OF WORKERS WHO EACH PUT A SINGLE PIECE ON UNFINISHED CARS AS THEY PASS ON A MOVING BELT.
WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT TWO BICYCLE MECHANICS FROM DAYTON, OHIO THAT INVENTED AND FLEW THE 1 ST GAS POWERED FLYING MACHINE AT KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA ON DEC. 17, 1903.
THE RISE OF MASS CULTURE MASS CULTURE: THE APPEAL OF ART, WRITING, MUSIC, AND OTHER FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT TO A LARGE AUDIENCE. 3 CAUSES OF THE RISE IN MASS CULTURE: 1. SPREAD OF PUBLIC EDUCATION INCREASED LITERACY.1. SPREAD OF PUBLIC EDUCATION INCREASED LITERACY. 2. IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATION.2. IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATION. 3. WORK DAY WAS LIMITED TO 10 HOURS.3. WORK DAY WAS LIMITED TO 10 HOURS. VAUDEVILLE: A TRAVELING MUSIC AND ENTERTAINMENT PROGRAM THAT WENT FROM CITY TO CITY.
THE RISE OF MASS CULTURE MOVIES BECAME A POPULAR PASTTIME. SPORTS BECAME ENTERTAINMENT FOR MILLIONS. 1 ST MODERN DAY OLYMPICS WERE IN ATHENS IN ST MODERN DAY OLYMPICS WERE IN ATHENS IN 1896.
NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE LOUIS PASTEUR: DEVELOPED PASTUERIZATION:PROCESS OF KILLING GERMS IN LIQUIDS SUCH AS MILK. JOSEPH LISTER: 1 ST TO INSIST THAT HIS OPERATING ROOM AND UTENSILS BE STERILE; THIS LEAD TO PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENTS BEING CLEANER. CHARLES DARWIN: WROTE THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION; SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST; CALLED HIS THEORY THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION.
NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE GREGOR MENDEL: DISCOVERED GENETICS; THE IDEA THAT THERE IS A PATTERN TO THE WAY THAT CERTAIN TRAITS ARE INHERITED. JOHN DALTON: DISCOVERED ATOMS. DMITRI MENDELEV: DEVELOPED A CHART THAT ARRANGED ELEMENTS IN ORDER OF WEIGHT; LATER KNOWN AS THE PERIODIC TABLE. MARIE AND PIERRE CURIE: DISCOVERED THE ENERGY KNOWN AS RADIOACTIVITY; ALSO DISCOVERED RADIUM AND POLONIUM;
NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY WAS FOUNDED:THE STUDY OF THE HUMAN MIND AND BEHAVIOR. IVAN PAVLOV: CONCLUDED THAT AN ANIMALS REFLEXES COULD BE CHANGED OR CONDITIONED THROUGH TRAINING; BELIEVED THAT HUMAN ACTIONS WERE UNCONSCIOUS. SIGMUND FREUD: UNCONSCIOUS MIND DRIVES HOW PEOPLE ACT AND THINK; DEVELOPED THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHOANALYSIS;OEDIPUS COMPLEX.