Sophocles’ Antigone 2 February 5, 2008. 2 Agenda Recap and Update –Plot and Play –Tragic Themes –Gender Dialectics Problem of the Chorus –“We Are Too.

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Presentation transcript:

Sophocles’ Antigone 2 February 5, 2008

2 Agenda Recap and Update –Plot and Play –Tragic Themes –Gender Dialectics Problem of the Chorus –“We Are Too Old” Gender Dialectics in Antigone –Two Views –Your Views

3 Recap and Update Plot and Play Tragic Themes Gender Dialectics

Myth Background: House of Thebes Labdacus OedipusJocasta PolynicesEteoclesIsmeneAntigone Menoeceus LaiusJocastaCreon Eurydice Megareus Haemon

5 Play Analysis (nums. refer to Penguin pages) Prologue (59 ff.) Antigone, Ismene (burial) Parodos (choral entry ode, 65 f.) victory song 1st episode Creon, Sentry (Polynices’ burial) 1st stasimon (choral ode, 76 f.) “Many the wonders …” 2nd episode Sentry, Creon; Creon, Antigone, Ismene (Creon-Antigone agōn) 2nd stasimon (91 f.) “Blest they who escape misfortune” 3rd episode (92 ff.) Creon, Haemon (agōn) 3rd stasimon (101) madness of erōs 4th episode (101 ff.) Choral dialogue (kommos) w/ Antigone (bride of death); Antigone, Creon 4th stasimon (108 f.) myth parallels to Antigone 5th episode (110 ff.) Tiresias, Creon (prophecy, warning) Hyporchema (choral ode, 118 f.) Dionysus save the day! Exodos (119 ff.) Messenger, Eurydice; Choral dialogue (kommos) w/ Creon

6 Antigone – Tragic Themes Hubris (arrogance, transgression) –“Zeus hates with a vengeance all bravado, / the mighty boasts of men” (Chorus, p. 65) Cycle of suffering –“… once / the gods have rocked a house to its foundations / the ruin will never cease, cresting on and on” (Chorus, p. 91) Atē (delusion, ruin) –“Sooner or later / foul is fair, / fair is foul / to the man the gods will ruin” (Chorus, p. 92) Knowledge too late –“Too late, / too late, you see what justice means” (Chorus Leader, p. 124)

7 Problem of the Chorus “We Are Too Old”

8 Choral Reflections – What Are They About? “Numberless wonders / terrible wonders walk the world but none the match for man. … But the city casts out that man who weds himself to inhumanity…” (1 st stasimon, pp ) “Love (erōs)! … you have ignited this, / this kindred strife, father and son at war” (3 rd stasimon, p. 101) “You went too far, the last limits of daring – / …. I wonder... / do you pay for your father's terrible ordeal?” (choral dialogue with Antigone, p. 103)

9 Choral Reflections, Myth Parallels: On Target? (4 th stasimon, pp. 108 f.) 1.Danaë (lines 1035 ff.) –Perseus’ mother –imprisoned pregnant »in bronze chamber »floating casket 2.Lycurgus (1051 ff.) –opposed Dionysus –killed son –imprisoned in cave 3.Cleopatra (1066 ff.) –divorced by husband –imprisoned by husband, whose … –new wife »blinds »buries children

10 Choral Reflections, Myth Parallels Do They Fit? (pp. 108 f.) 1.Danaë (lines 1035 ff.) –both royal –locked away –reversal –inescapable fate –Danae = life, birth »not in love with love 2.Lycurgus (1051 ff.) –Lyc = Ant »but reversed –Gods = Creon –religion higher –plus knowledge too late 3.Cleopatra (1066 ff.) –kings queen = EGO –children = anyone affected –Ant = Cleo –bad marriage, bad karma –walled in stone

11 Gender Dialectics in Antigone Two Views Your Views

12 Gender Dialectic in Antigone: 2 Readings Hegel’s… Antigone –divine law –private sphere versus Creon –human law –public sphere Butler’s… Incest as –interrogation of gender Antigone as –proto-feminist Antigone’s Claim (Butler’s book) shows “how a culture of normative heterosexuality obstructs our capacity to see what sexual freedom and political agency could be” (book blurb)

13 Parallel Antinomies ANTIGONE female private inside oikos (family, household) lamentation divine law CREON male public outside polis (politics, city) retribution human law CREON: “I am not the man, not now: she is the man / if this victory goes to her and she goes free” (p. 83)

14 Mourning and Lament Loss of control Calls for revenge Women’s work