1.Irwin, C., Irwin, R., Martin, N., & Ross, S. (2010). Constraints impacting minority swimming participation phase ii. 22. Retrieved from 12bf64f36036/2010 Swim Report-USA Swimming pdfReference list goes here 2.Irwin, C., Irwin, R., Martin, N., & Ross, S. (2010). Constraints impacting minority swimming participation phase ii qualitative report. 42. Retrieved from 8dd6-7ea8ad9c0f6b/2010USASwimming-MinoritySwimmingQualitative Report.pdfReference list goes here 3.Southgate, M. (2012, August 12). Water damage. Retrieved from 4. USA Swmming. (2010). What is make a splash?. Retrieved from 5. USA Swmming. (2010). Usa swimming releases diversity in swimming study. Retrieved from - All graphs taken from Irwin, Irwin, Martin, and Ross, Drowning is the 2 nd leading cause of accidental childhood death - Ten people drown each day in the United States - 7/10 African American children cannot swim - 6/10 Hispanic/Latinos cannot swim - African-American children drown at a rate nearly three times higher than their Caucasian peers. - Children from non-swimming households are eight times more likely to be at risk of drowning (USA Swimming, 2010) -61% percent of metropolitan youth surveyed reported a low swimming ability with 10% not being able to swim at all. - White respondents self reported significantly higher swimming ability than minorities including African Americans and Hispanics. - 16% of Black/African American and 15% of Hispanic respondents claimed to have received a swim lesson from a qualified instructor - Almost half (46%) of the respondents self-reporting no/low swim ability will visit a pool on a weekly basis this summer. - Similar (affirmative) response patterns were found among all respondents for I’d like to swim more. (Irwin, Irwin, Martin, Ross, 2010) Swimming Statistics Socioeconomic Statistics Parental Involvement Introduction Make A Splash References Ways to Help -In 2009 the USA Swimming Foundation launched its Make a Splash Tour with NC State’s own Cullen Jones. - The tour travels across cities in the United States, giving minority children swimming lessons - The Make a Splash program is affiliated with notable aquatic industry leaders in the community with the goal of teaching children the importance of water safety and learning to swim. - Participation and formal swim lessons can reduce the likelihood of childhood drowning by 88% (USA Swimming, 2013) -Family and parental swimming involvement /encouragement found to be critical to child’s swimming ability. - Items associated with encouraging a child to swim (e.g. My parents/caregivers encourage me to swim) were tested and found to be a significant contributor to a child’s swimming ability. - White respondents were significantly more likely to provide/receive family/parental encouragement to swim. - A majority (77%) of low-skilled swimmers are dependent on a parent for transportation to and from a pool. - Most swimmers were taught to swim by a family member. (Irwin, Irwin, Martin, Ross 2010) Racial Diversity in Swimming Joseph Bennett, Zachary Hutchison, Jimmie Keith PRT 376 Section 1 -There are many different ways help your child and/or younger children become better swimmers: - Sign them up for formal swimming lessons (Southgate, 2012) - Teach them to swim yourself if you are a skilled swimmer - Don’t neglect their inability to swim as they are growing up. - Teach them safety lessons and rules about swimming and how to act at public swimming areas. - Volunteer to help unprivileged children swim at local pools, parks, and YMCA’s. (USA Swimming, 2010) - Economically disadvantaged qualifying for free or reduced lunch programs are significantly less able to swim (65.6%) than the more affluent or “no lunch” program (50.2%). - Close to two-thirds (61.5%) of the sample were considered to be “non/low” swimmers with 69.8% being of African American descent % of Hispanic/Latino respondents deemed “non/low” swimmers % of female respondents were deemed “non/low” swimmers. - Free/reduced lunch recipients were significantly more inclined to disagree that the nearest pool was easy to access. - A parent in Boston, “I think we really have to educate the parents because when we go to the Boys and Girls club -and their fee is $20 for eight weeks…its cheap. It’s nothing. But you don’t have a lot of African Americans that do it. (Irwin, Irwin, Martin, Ross 2010) Culture -As one Black/African American Boston interviewee offered dispelling that pool availability and access are not the issue, “Even though you have these areas (to swim) I still think its culture and what you see on TV. You see a lot more Caucasian kids or adults loving the beach, loving the water you know what I mean? Being fish like. A lot of things play into this it’s not just the statistics; it has to do with life, I do believe that.” (Irwin, Irwin, Martin, Ross 2010) - Lack of minority celebrities are associated with swimming. - “Don’t you know blacks don’t swim?” (Southgate, 2012)