LOGO Organization Process By Daniel Damaris NS

LOGO Organization Process Managing Communication Contents Decision Making

LOGO Organization Process MANAGING COMMUNICATION

LOGO Managing Communication PhilosophyManager = Communicator Fact They always communicate something ??What’s the effect?

LOGO Communication  From the Latin, communis  Communis is common  Communication:  Transmission information & understanding  Use common symbols  Common symbols:  Verbal  Non-Verbal

LOGO Communication Process

LOGO Communication Model

LOGO Non-verbal Message  Vocal inflection:  Loudly or softly  Quickly or slowly  With controlled or uncontrolled inflection  High or low pitch

LOGO Non-verbal Message (cont.)  Emblems are gestures much like sign language, e.g:  OK sign: with thumb & forefinger  The V sign: for peace or victory  High five & closed-fist pump: for significant achievement

LOGO Non-verbal Message (cont.)  Illustrators are gestures that a give picture of what is being said  Regulators are movement that regulate a conversation, e.g:  an upraised palm from the receiver tells a sender to slow down  an arched eyebrow can convey a request for the sender to clarify what has been said

LOGO Non-verbal Message (cont.)  Adaptors are expressions used to adjust psychologically to the interpersonal climate of a particular situation, e.g:  drumming fingers on a table  tugging a strand of hair, or  jiggling a leg or foot are all ways of releasing some degree of stress

LOGO Non-verbal Message (cont.)  Affect displays, usually subconscious, directly communicate an individual’s emotions, e.g:  Facial expressions  Body positions, e.g: (arms folded across the chest ) communicates defensiveness or often dislike

LOGO Communicating Across Culture Potential Sources of Cross-Cultural Miscommunication

LOGO Communicating within Organizations  Directions Communications  Downward communication  Upward communication  Horizontal communication  Diagonal communication

LOGO Communication & Technology  Intranet/Internet/Extranet  , Messaging, Social Networking  Smartphone  Voic  Videoconference, Teleconference, E-Meeting/E- Collaboration

LOGO Rumor  Unverified believe, both inside the organization (internal rumor) and outside the organization (external rumor)  4 categories of rumor:  Pipe dreams/wish fulfillment  The bogie rumors  Wedge drivers  Home-stretchers

LOGO Interpersonal Communications Interpersonal Styles

LOGO Interpersonal Strategies Exposures  Increasing the arena area  Reducing the façade area Feedback  Reducing the blind spot area  Increasing the arena area

LOGO Managerial Styles Type A  Autocratic leader  Typically aloof & cold  Poor interpersonal communicator Type B  Managers who seek good relationship with subordinates  Unable to openly express feelings  Ineffective interpersonal communicator

LOGO Managerial Styles (cont.) Type C  Interested in the their own ideas & opinions  Not idea & opinion of other  Ineffective interpersonal communicator Type D  Managers who seek free to express feelings to the other  To have others express feelings  Most effective interpersonal communicator

LOGO Barriers to Effective Communication

LOGO Barriers to Effective Communication (cont.) Frame of Reference

LOGO Barriers to Effective Communication (cont.) Communication Overload

LOGO Improving Communication in an Organization  Following Up  Regulating Information Flow  Using Feedback  Empathy  Repetition  Encouraging Mutual Trust  Effective Timing  Simplifying Language  Effective Listening

LOGO Improving Communication in an Organization (cont.) Improving Communication in Organization

LOGO Organization Process DECISION MAKING

LOGO Decision Making INTRODUCTION  The quality of managerial decisions is a critical determinant of the manager’s effectiveness.  Managers need to make wise and informed decisions.

LOGO Decision Making (cont.)  The types of decision:  Programmed decision  Non-programmed decision

LOGO The Types of Decision

LOGO The Decision Making Process

LOGO Identifying Problems  Identifying the exact problem can be hindered by certain factors:  Perceptual problems  Defining problems in terms of solution  Identifying symptoms as problems  The types of problems:  Opportunity  Crisis  Routine

LOGO Behavioral Influences on Individual Decision Making  Ethical decision making  Values  Personality  Propensity for risk  Potential for dissonance  Escalation of commitment

LOGO Ethical Decision Making  Ethics is a system or code that guides individuals’ conduct  It helps individuals evaluate different alternatives to a problem in terms of right or wrong  Factors influencing ethical decision making:  Individual Factor  Organization Factor

LOGO Ethical Decision Making (cont.)  Individual factors influencing ethical decision making:  Gender  Moral philosophy  Values  Education  Work experience  Age  Awareness

LOGO Ethical Decision Making (cont.)  Group and organization factors influencing ethical decision making:  Influence of significant others (in workplace)  Organizational culture & climate  Code of ethics  Reward & sanctions

LOGO Values  Value: the guidelines a person uses when confronted with a situation in which a choice must be made.  Values’ influence on the decision-making process is profound:  In establishing objectives  In developing alternatives  In choosing alternatives  In implementing a decision  In the control & evaluation phase

LOGO Personality  Personality variables on the process of decision making:  Personality variables, e.g: the attitudes, beliefs, and needs of the individual  Situational variables, e.g: external, observable situations in which individuals find themselves.  Interactional variables, e.g: the individual’s momentary state that results from the interaction of a specific situation with characteristics of the individual’s personality

LOGO The Framework for Classifying Decisions

LOGO The Quality of Decision Improves

LOGO Stimulating Creativity in Group Decision Making  The techniques for stimulating creativity in group decision making:  Brainstorming  Delphi process  The nominal group technique (NGT)

LOGO See You Again……