What were the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan? Late 1940s

Outcomes To know the aims of the Truman Doctrine To know how the Marshall Plan worked To understand how and why the USSR reacted

Timeline Tehran Conference End of World War Yalta Conference (Feb) Potsdam Conference (July-Aug) ‘Iron Curtain’ speech Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan 1950

Key Words Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Cominform Comecon

Homework Briefly explain the key features of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. (6 marks)

Connector What is happening in this cartoon? Hungary Bulgaria Austria 1943

Activity What are the basic freedoms? Act out in a group of pairs: Freedom of/to:- speech, movement, religion, live, work, education, vote, a fair trial.

The Truman Doctrine Listen to Truman’s speech where he outlines his ‘doctrine’. speech What are the key points he makes?

Extract from Truman’s speech “One way of life is based upon the will of the majority. It includes free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forced upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support peoples who are resisting attempted take over by armed minorities or by outside pressures. Our help should mainly come through economic and financial aid.”

After the Truman Doctrine Speech Write a quote which sums up the doctrine Use describing words to show the changing relations in 1947 between the two Superpowers.

The Marshall Plan General Marshall wanted to: –Help Europe recover from the Second World War –Protect against the spread of Communism –Protect the USA so that it will have partners to trade with –Help Europe because America was the only country financially able to do so

Marshall Aid COUNTRY Total ($ million ) Total for all countries 13,325.8 Austria Belgium-Luxembourg Denmark France 2,713.6 Germany (West) 1,390.6 Greece Iceland 29.3 Ireland Italy 1,508.8 Netherlands 1,083.5 Norway Portugal 51.2 Sweden Turkey United Kingdom 3, What part of Europe does most of the economic aid go to? 2.Name two countries that are not near the other countries and why do you think these countries receive economic aid? 3.What countries are getting the most economic aid and why? 4.What countries in Europe are getting no economic aid at all and why?

To be read aloud. USSR: Cominform reply November 1947 “ … two opposite political lines have been formed: on the one side the policy of the USSR and democratic countries directed towards undermining imperialism and strengthening democracy, on the other side in policy of the USA and England directed towards strengthening imperialism and strangling democracy.. The Truman-Marshall plan is only … the European section of the general plan of the world expansionist policy carried out by the United States in all parts of the world.”

After the Cominform reply Write a quote which sums up the reply. Use describing words to show the changing relations in 1947 between the two Superpowers.

The Soviet Union Reacts Creation of the Cominform to organize communist parties around the world –Provoke strikes in non-communist nations –Solidify existing communist countries –Unsuccessful and is disbanded in 1956 Comecon (council for Mutual Economic Assistance) –Trade networks made in Eastern Europe –Forced to buy Soviet products –Raw materials sold at high prices to Eastern Europe while their goods were sold back to Russia at low prices (ends in the 1970s) POSSIBLE EXAM QUESTION: “Briefly explain how the USSR reacted to the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.” (6 marks)

1 = Allies, 3 = Partnership, 5 = Co- exist, 7 = Suspicious, 10 = Enemies. On a scale 1 to 10 by 1947 how far has the wartime alliance changed? By 1947 which country is to blame for the wartime alliance deteriorating? The USA or USSR?

Note taking Read page 188 from ‘The Twentieth Century’ textbook Take notes, or answer the questions in the yellow box at the bottom of the page EXTENSION: Answer the questions on the source on page 189

It is 1947 The President of the USA Truman and Stalin are starting their War of Words The Truman Doctrine has been said as has the Soviet reply You are to act out an imaginary meeting between the two leaders

Three scenes 1. Behind the scenes before the meeting what is being said 2. The meeting – what is said and done (remember you want to avoid direct War but you don’t trust each other) 3. Behind the scenes after the meeting what is being said

Selfish or selfless? How far do you think that the Marshall Plan was selfish or selfless from the point of view of the United States? Justify your answer. Selfish Selfless

In pairs - re-cap on key terms and events of relations between USSR and USA Who? What? Why? When? How? Iron Curtain, Communism, Capitalism, Buffer zone in Eastern Europe, Dates and names at Tehran, Dates and names at Yalta, Dates and names at Potsdam, Truman Doctrine 1947, Cominform Reply 1947