Classification of Rocks. 1. How do the crystals or minerals form in a rock? 2. Why do some rocks have layers? 3. Why do some rocks have rounded particles.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification of Rocks

1. How do the crystals or minerals form in a rock? 2. Why do some rocks have layers? 3. Why do some rocks have rounded particles while others have angular particles?

 Are combinations of two or more minerals.  They can be grouped into three families depending on how they are formed.

 Result from the cooling of molten (melted) rock material.  The cooling creates crystals in the rocks.  Basalt and granite are the most common.

LavaMagma Above the ground Below the ground

Intrusive  formed below the surface of the Earth.  Rocks cool very slowly.  They have large crystals.

Gabbro Granite

Extrusive  Formed above the Earth’s surface.  Rocks cools quickly.  They have small crystals.

Basalt Rhyolite Obsidian

 Form from the compaction and cementation (lithification) of sediments into visible layers called beds.

 Small particles (silt or mud) Shale

 Medium Particles (sand – can roll between your fingers) Sandstone

 Large Particles (gravel) Conglomerate

 Plant and animal particles Limestone

 Result when pre-existing rocks (parent rocks) undergo changes due to heat, pressure and water.  This is a long and slow process.

PARENT: Shale  Sedimentary  Metamorphic Slate

PARENT: Limestone  Sedimentary  Metamorphic Marble

PARENT: Sandstone  Sedimentary  Metamorphic Quartzite

PARENT: Granite  Igneous  Metamorphic Gneiss