1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability ExcitabilityExtensibilityElasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 2

Characteristics of Muscles CONTRACTIBILITY- Muscle is able to be Shorten Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 3

Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Myoneural stimulation + contraction of muscle proteins = movement and heat 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 4

Characteristics of Muscles The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell. The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 5 Contractibility Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus.

Characteristics of Muscles EXCITABILITY- Irritability, impulse, direct or indirect, physical stimulation or nerve Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 6

Characteristics of Muscles EXTENSIBILITY-muscle can be extended. Increase in angle between bones. Muscle is pulled upon Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 7

Characteristics of Muscles ELASTICITY-Returning to original size/shape after Stretching Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 8

Muscle Tone Discuss muscle tone. Atrophy: a- _absent__ -trophy __tone_ Hypertrophy: hyper- _______ -trophy ________ 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 9

Muscle Tone John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle. What happened? How do you explain this to him? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 10

Muscle Tone Exercise & Training What are the advantages of exercise? Are there any disadvantages of exercise? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 11

Muscle Fatigue MUSCLE FATIGUE: What causes it? Metabolic process- body's inc need for O2/energy/build up of lactic acid causes cramping. How does the body correct muscle fatigue? Breathing increases….goes from aerobic demand to anaerobic demand. Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not? Yes and no 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 12

Functions of the Muscular System 1. Movement 2. Posture 3. Body Heat 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 13

Movement: Skeletal Muscle Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 14

Movement Mechanism of skeletal muscle movement to include: Point of origin-muscle attached to the stationary bone. Point of insertion- muscle attached to moving bone. Prime mover - Muscles that work in groups or by themselves. Antagonist-muscles cause movement in opposite direction. Synergists-these muscles assist the prime mover muscles Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 15

Movement: Digestive System The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 16

Movement: Circulatory System Heartbeat The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed at which the heart beats Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 17

Posture Helps to hold you upright, By using your bones, Muscles and tendons Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 18

Body Heat What is the body’s response to cold? Shiver/muscle contract and produce heat. How is this response helpful? Keeps you warm and help fight against hypothermia. How does the body respond to exercise? sweat –releases heat and cools down body Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 19

Myopathy Myo-muscle -pathy disease 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 20

Fibromyalgia CAUSE: Unknown SYMPTOMS: Chronic pain, bilateral tenderness, fatigue, exercise intolerance. DIAGNOSIS: location of pain tender points TREATMENT: symptom management PROGNOSIS: good 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 21

Hernia CAUSES: weakening of a muscle wall LOCATIONS: umbilical, inguinal SYMPTOMS: pain, bulging, DIAGNOSIS: ultrasound, mri TREATMENT: surgery PREVENTION: do not strain on lifting, 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 22

Muscle Spasms ( Involuntary hypertonicity) CAUSES: sudden, severe involuntary muscle contraction. Prolonged activity. (Electrolyte) LOCATIONS: larger muscle groups SYMPTOMS: pain DIAGNOSIS: pt history/electrolyte TREATMENT: rest, fluids, stretching PROGNOSIS: great 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 23

Muscular Dystrophy CAUSE: genetic defect in muscle protein SYMPTOMS: progressive muscle weakness DIAGNOSIS: exam, blood test, electromyogram, muscle biopsy. TREATMENT: NO real treatment PROGNOSIS: death…… 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 24

Myasthenia Gravis CAUSE: Autoimmune at neuromuscular Junction. SYMPTOMS: progressive muscle weakness in face and eye muscles, drooping. DIAGNOSIS: EMG blood test TREATMENT: steroids PROGNOSIS: good 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 25

Strain What happened here? What symptoms is this man having? Why? How will he treat them? What is his prognosis? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 26

Tendonitis CAUSE: chronic and overuse SYMPTOMS: stiffness, weakness, pain DIAGNOSIS: exam, xray, history TREATMENT: (p)rice PROGNOSIS: good 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 27

Tetanus 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system CAUSE: Bacterial infection C. Tetani SYMPTOMS: progressive muscle spasms, paralysis, stiff painful jaw, DIAGNOSIS: lab results, history of wound TREATMENT: wound hygiene, pain management. PROGNOSIS: ok but could die….. 28